Yuhui Wei

Edge-trims (yuan shi), as a crucial component of traditional Chinese clothing, have evolved over millennia, serving not only decorative and aesthetic functions but also acting as material carriers ...

The organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B3 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) provide efficient directional transport (OATP1B3-P-gp) from the blood to the bile that serves as a key determinant of hepatic disposition of the drug. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of effective means to evaluate the disposal ability mediated by transporters. The present study was designed to identify a suitable endogenous biomarker for the assessment of OATP1B3-P-gp function in the liver. We established stably transfected HEK293T-OATP1B3 and HEK293T-P-gp cell lines. Results showed that azelaic acid (AzA) was an endogenous substrate for OATP1B3 and P-gp using serum pharmacology combined with metabolomics. There is a good correlation between the serum concentration of AzA and probe drugs of rOATP1B3 and rP-gp when rats were treated with their inhibitors. Importantly, after 5-fluorouracil-induced rat liver injury, the relative mRNA level and expression of rOATP1B3 and rP-gp were markedly down-regulated in the liver, and the serum concentration of AzA was significantly increased. These observations suggest that AzA is an endogenous substrate of both OATP1B3 and P-gp, and may serve as a potential endogenous biomarker for the assessment of the function of OATP1B3-P-gp for the prediction of changes in the pharmacokinetics of drugs transported by OATP1B3-P-gp in liver disease states.

To develop an environment‐friendly detergent for textile relics adsorbing soil/rust stains, the relationship between surfactant types and concentrations, the nature of additives and the type of textile (e.g., cotton, linen, silk or wool) were systematically investigated. Results showed that the detergent formulations of sodium montmorillonite (5 g/L) as additives were overall the best options for soil stains removal on textile relics. Specifically, the most suitable surfactant for cotton, linen, silk and wool textiles relics adsorbing soil stains was rhamnolipid (8 g/L), tea saponin (6 g/L), tea saponin (8 g/L), alkyl glycosides (10 g/L), respectively. The detergent formulations of ascorbic acid (5 g/L) as additives were more beneficial for rust stains peeling‐off from the surface of the textile relics regardless of the type of surfactant and textile relics. But the optimal surfactants for different textiles relics were different. In detail, the most suitable surfactants for cotton, linen, silk and wool textiles relics adsorbing rust stains were separately rhamnolipid (10 g/L), Tea saponin (8 g/L), Tea saponin (6 g/L), Alkyl glycosides (6 g/L). This indicated that the washing effect of detergent formulation was related to the types of stains and textile relics' fiber. These findings not only demonstrated the necessity for developing detergent formulations for different textile relics, but also illustrated the complexity and diversity of the textile relics' stain‐washing work. Moreover, this work also assists understanding of the washing mechanism of textile relics and help the department of textile relics protection to properly wash textile relics and extend the life of textile relics.

In order to develop a suitable washing mode for knapsack, mechanical agitation (1), water bath vibration (2), ultrasonic (3), micro-nano bubble (4) and complex washing mode of the two were systematically investigated. Results showed that regardless of fabric, the washing efficiency of composite washing mode {mechanical agitation + ultrasonic (1 + 3), mechanical agitation + micro-nano bubble (1 + 4)}, was highest among all washing modes. Moreover, the decrease of stiffness, tensile strength, smoothness and micro-morphology of knapsack by using complex washing mode {mechanical agitation + ultrasonic (1 + 3), mechanical agitation + micro-nano bubble (1 + 4)} significantly lower than that of mechanical agitation. This indicated that mechanical agitation was the key to remove stain, micro-nano bubbles and ultrasound only assisted its removal. But the addition of micro-nano bubbles and ultrasound was helpful to improve the washing efficiency and reduce the performance degradation caused by washing mode of mechanical agitation. Complex washing mode {mechanical agitation + ultrasonic (1 + 3), mechanical agitation + micro-nano bubble (1 + 4)} was optimal washing combination for knapsack, especially the composite mode of mechanical agitation + ultrasonic (1 + 3), due to its ability to remove residual stains in the inner layer and slit. Moreover, the complex washing mode was also more environmental-friendly and sustainable, compared to other washing mode, because of washing time and detergent dosage reducing occurred by its high washing efficiency. The results were not only helpful to guide manufacturers of washing machine to develop a program dedicated to the daily washing and care knapsack, but also provided scientific care guidance and optimization ideas for subsequent research and applications.

In order to reduce the functional degradation caused by improper daily washing-care and prolong the service life of technical jacket, the relationship between the daily washing conditions and functional degradation in the wearing performance of technical jacket (waterproof, windproof, warmth retention) was quantitatively investigated with the help of hydrostatic pressure, surface contact angle, air permeability, warmth retention, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of technical jacket after different daily washing conditions. Results showed that no matter what kind of washing modes, washing parameters, type and dosage of detergent, the wearing performance of technical jacket after washing were subjected to decrease compared with pre-washing. Additionally, it was also found that the effects of washing modes, type of detergents and washing parameters on the wearing performance of the technical jacket were significant, instead of the dosage of detergents. This indicates it was possible ways to minimize functional degradation by setting optimal washing conditions (washing parameters, washing mode, types and dosage of detergent). Balancing considerations of functional degradation and washing efficiency, the washing combination of mechanical agitation + micro-nano bubbles), type of detergent (neutral liquid detergent), dosage of detergent (3 g/L), water temperature (20°C), main washing bath ratio (1:10), main washing speed (15 rpm), main washing time (20 min), rinsing speed (30 rpm), rinsing cycles (2), belonged to the optimal washing combination in this study of washing condition. The results were of practical significance to guide manufacturers of washing machine to develop optimal daily washing produce for outdoor clothing, especially technical jacket.