Eduardo Bastianetto

The manuscript reports accidental water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) poisoning by monensin, a food supplement commonly used to feed cattle, and indicate some relevant aspects related to buffalo breeding. Most of the buffalo intoxication reports are accidental and occur in areas where buffalo breeding is not a traditional activity or in new buffalo breed without expert assistance. The present communication reports accidental buffalo poisoning due to monensin consumption at one corral that usually breed bovine to slaughter, a situation not reported before in Brazil. Monensin poisoning hypothesis was confirmed through investigation conducted by veterinarians using epidemiology, clinical signs and specific laboratory tests on food, blood and serum and biological samples obtained during a sick buffalo necropsy. Intoxicated animals presented apathy, anorexia, diarrhea, muscular weakness, locomotion disorders, dyspnea, tachycardia, jugular distension, pulse and recumbency, suggesting acute intoxication in the animals. Complementary diagnoses included myocarditis, moderate multifocal myonecrosis, myositis with lymphocytic infiltration and moderate multifocal oedema, presence of inflammatory biomarkers and normocytic normochromic anemia, typical of muscle damage observed in monensin poisoning.

Summary: The occurrence of Aural Plaques (AP) in horses, attributed to infection with Equus caballus Papillomavirus (EcPV), has become increasingly prevalent in equine breeding populations. Major challenges in managing this condition include genetic susceptibility to the virus, significant variability in individual immune responses among horses and the limited efficacy of currently available treatments. Although some treatments have shown partial success, a definitive and universally effective resolution for this condition in horses remains elusive. This case report aims to discuss the challenges encountered and findings related to the use of autohaemotherapy as a treatment for AP in four Mangalarga Marchador crossbred horses.

Background: Canine oral papillomatosis is an infectious disease that usually affects dogs with immune deficiencies, but can eventually regress without treatment. However, this regression without treatment can be time-consuming, taking up to 12 months for complete regression, thus causing more suffering for the dogs and difficulties in the maintenance and hygiene of the animal. Many treatments have been proposed, but most without scientific references, which has often led to frustrating results. The aim of this report is to describe the response to the treatment of one bitch with oral papillomatosis, using Azithromycin associated with Meloxicam. Case: A 6-month-old bitch Pug with skin lesions consistent with canine oral papillomatosis, presenting typical clinical lesions such as exophytic vegetative formations, cauliflower-like lesions and verrucous and hyperkeratotic papules around the mouth and on the internal oral mucosa. The treatment protocol included Azithromycin (10 mg/kg) in combination with Meloxicam (0.1 mg/kg), administered orally every 24 h for 10 days. This therapeutic management protocol was in accordance with the dosage recommendations provided by the manufacturer of the drug approved and commercially available in Brazil. The dog maintained normal appetite and behavior and showed no clinical signs other than the aforementioned lesions. This treatment resulted in complete resolution of the papillomatous lesions. Follow-up monitoring over 12 months showed no recurrence, indicating sustained clinical remission. Discussion: Azithromycin is widely used in Veterinary Medicine to treat various bacterial infections, and it is well tolerated and effective in treating papillomatosis in humans; however, the precise mechanism of its antiviral activity is not fully understood. In the present case, the lesions completely regressed after 10 days of treatment with Azithromycin and Meloxicam. Possibly Meloxicam improved the dog's quality of life during treatment by reducing the discomfort associated with the oral lesions, since other studies have shown that Meloxicam was effective in vitro in reducing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and improving the human patient's quality of life by relieving the pain and discomfort caused by the papillomatosis lesions. The combined treatment of Azithromycin and Meloxicam carried out in this case was effective for the rapid resolution of canine oral papillomatosis and without recurrence, indicating sustained clinical remission. Effective treatment is particularly important to avoid a prolonged course of the disease, which can increase the spread of the infection to other dogs. Tumor recurrence after apparently successful treatment is also common and, in addition, the possible malignancy of papillomatous lesions requires prompt and effective treatment. Reducing the incidence of clinical cases of oral papillomatosis in dogs requires strategic management, including appropriate treatment to contain the spread of the virus. Further studies are needed to investigate any specific antiviral activity of these two drugs used on the dog in the present report. Keywords: dog, papillomavirus, wart, disease.

The trade in live animals between India and Brazil dates from the late nineteenth century when European travellers traded animals of Indian origin for display in zoos. Considering the origin of coffee and sugar cane, as well as the expertise related to mineral evaluation, we need to consider that India was involved in important economic cycles of Brazil, even indirectly. This virtuous flow of trade has been maintained and intensified throughout modern history, especially after these two nations gained political independence from their colonisers, thereby becoming independent in mercantile affairs. This paper addresses the main points related to the use of animals of Indian origin in Brazil. We revisit some of the historical aspects of the process of colonisation of Brazil, as well as the importation of animals from India. The restrictions imposed on this process due to the occurrence of diseases in cattle and buffalo in India will be examined. At the end of the text, emphasis will be given to the risks of introducing exotic diseases into Brazil.