Jason H. Malenfant

This report describes acute kidney injury linked to imported pediatric medications among children in Gambia.

Background: The prevalence of current or past coronavirus disease 2019 in skilled nursing facility (SNF) residents is unknown because of asymptomatic infection and constrained testing capacity early in the pandemic. We conducted a seroprevalence survey to determine a more comprehensive prevalence of past coronavirus disease 2019 in Los Angeles County SNF residents and staff members. Methods: We recruited participants from 24 facilities; participants were requested to submit a nasopharyngeal swab sample for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and a serum sample for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. All participants were cross-referenced with our surveillance database to identify persons with prior positive SARS-CoV-2 results. Results: From 18 August to 24 September 2020, we enrolled 3305 participants (1340 residents and 1965 staff members). Among 856 residents providing serum samples, 362 (42%) had current or past SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of the 346 serology-positive residents, 199 (58%) did not have a documented prior positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR result. Among 1806 staff members providing serum, 454 (25%) had current or past SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of the 447 serology-positive staff members, 353 (79%) did not have a documented prior positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR result. Conclusions: Past testing practices and policies missed a substantial number of SARS-CoV-2 infections in SNF residents and staff members.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of death by an infectious pathogen worldwide, and drug-resistant TB is a critical and rising obstacle to global control efforts. Most scientific studies and global TB efforts have focused on multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), meaning isolates resistant to both isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF). Newer diagnostic tests are resulting in an increasing awareness of RIF-resistant TB in addition to MDR disease. To date, RIF resistance has been assumed to be synonymous with MDR-TB, but this approach may expose TB patients with RIF mono-resistance disease to unnecessarily long and toxic treatment regimens. We review what is currently known about RIF mono-resistant TB, its history and epidemiology, mechanisms of RIF resistance, available diagnostic techniques, treatment outcomes reported globally, and future directions for combatting this disease.