Maria K. Makeeva

AIM. To determine the hygiene status and personal hygiene habits of Vietnamese students studying at the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Hanoi. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The survey included 199 students (89 male, 110 female). Among them, 49 were second-year students, 41 were third-year students, 52 were fourth-year students, and 57 were fifth-year students. All participants were students at Vietnam National University in Hanoi. The mean age of respondents was 22 years. An anonymous questionnaire was administered in paper format in respondent’s native language (Vietnamese). The questionnaire consisted of 24 questions, students could select multiple options from predefined answers or write in their preferences. Responses were statistically analyzed using StatTech software version 4.5.0 (Russian Federation). RESULTS. When assessing hygiene indices, the average OHI-S score of those surveyed was 0.63 ± 0.72 (0.00÷3.83), which is interpreted as a good level of hygiene. Significant differences in scores were found depending on age and year of study. The average age of students with good and average hygiene levels was 23 years, while the average age of those surveyed with poor hygiene levels was 20 years ( p = 0.018). When assessing the level of hygiene relative to the year of study, a significant decrease in the number of students with very poor, poor, and average levels was found from the second to the fourth year, while the number of students with a good level of hygiene increased ( p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS. Despite the fact that most students at Hanoi Dental University have a good level of hygiene, some students require improvement. This is a group of students to whom a dentist should pay more attention when conducting educational programs.

AIM. To determine factors influencing the assessment of the contribution of the first molar to smile aesthetics in Russian and international students. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study involved 193 students, including 119 Russian citizens (21.63 ± 1.55 years old) and 74 international students (23.93 ± 2.82 years old). Participants completed an anonymous questionnaire and then underwent a clinical oral examination, during which the condition of their first molars was assessed for caries, fillings, and artificial crowns, as well as the visibility of the first molars during a broad smile and loud laughter. Statistical analysis was performed using StatTech v. 4.9.2, values at p < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS. Among Russian students, 1 (0.8%) had amalgam fillings in the area of their first molars, compared to 22 (29.7%) among foreign students, predominantly students from Iran (24.3%); the difference was significant ( p < 0.001). Chinese students were more likely to have intact first molars (75%). Upper and lower molars were visible in the smile zone in 47.1% and 54.1% of participants, respectively, with no significant difference between the groups. Russian students were more likely to pay attention to the condition of their first molars (66.4% vs. 44.6%; p = 0.002), while foreign students were more likely to rate the contribution of molars to aesthetics as “significant” (48.6% vs. 29.4%; p < 0.001). Women were more likely to note the aesthetic significance of first molars ( p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS. The condition and visibility of first molars influence the perception of smile aesthetics. Cross-cultural differences in the prevalence of amalgam restorations and the assessment of the aesthetic significance of first molars highlight the need to consider national dental traditions and gender differences when analyzing factors shaping smile perception. Among Russian students, dental factors influence the assessment of the contribution of first molars to smile aesthetics. Among foreign students, gender, along with dental factors, has a significant influence.

AIM. The analysis of the main factors causing bleeding in the oral cavity in persons in places of deprivation of liberty, and the search for ways to eliminate this symptom, considering the limited capabilities of the respondents.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study involved 402 prisoners, 330 of whom were men and 72 women. The respondents were divided into age groups, the group of respondents under the age of 18 included 110 people, 18–25 years old – 7 people, 26–35 years old – 127 people, 36–45 years old – 94 people, 46–55 years old – 44 people and the group of 56 years and older consisted of 20 people. The respondents’ responses were analyzed using the StatTech v 4.6.1 (developed by Stattech LLC, Russia).RESULTS. 25 questions were analyzed, among which reliable correlations between bleeding and its development factors were established.CONCLUSIONS. Based on the analyzed data, bleeding as an objective symptom was noticed by 157 respondents who noted brushing their teeth and eating hard food as factors provoking the development of this pathology. In this regard, it is necessary to develop a program aimed at improving the hygienic status and raising awareness of prisoners about proper oral care, considering their stay in places of deprivation of liberty. Such a program should primarily be based on the motivation of prisoners to adjust and improve their personal oral hygiene. In addition, in addition to preventive conversations, it is necessary to conduct master classes on the technique of proper dental cleaning and the use of additional personal oral hygiene products.

Objective: To identify sexual dimorphism and intergroup features of the structure of the hard palate among foreign students from the Asian and African regions. Materials and methods: In the course of this descriptive clinical study, 211 foreign students were examined, including 99 men, 112 women, the average age was 23.02 ± 2.48 years. Participants filled out an anonymous questionnaire, impressions were taken, and diagnostic models were made on which the parameters of the palate were measured (length, width, and depth in the area of the first molars, index of palatine height). Results: When assessing the parameters of the palate, sexual dimorphism was revealed in the length, width, and depth of the palate in the area of the first molars, as well as the palate depth index. The length of the palate was significantly higher in women than in men (46.47 ± 2.76 mm and 44.28 ± 1.98 mm, respectively (p = 0.047)), while the width of the palate was higher in men than in women (38.67 ± 1.31 mm and 35.95 ± 2.17 mm (p = 0.033)). Participants from Persian and Arab ethnic groups had longer and wider palates compared to others. Students from African region had slightly shorter palate length and width, and the shallowest palatal vault depth was found in students from China. When assessing the palate depth index, low palate (hamedolichostaphilia) was found in 37 people (17.7%), middle palate (orthodolychostaphilia) in 155 people (73.3%), and high palate (hypsidolichostaphilia) in 19 people (9.0%). Conclusion: Although the parameters of the hard palate demonstrate both sexual dimorphism and intergroup variability, neither factor is associated with significant variability in the morphology of the hard palate. The differences in size are significant, but small in absolute terms. The number of languages/dialects/languages spoken since childhood demonstrates a significant relationship with the depth of the palate in the area of the first molars.

AIM. To analyse the current literature data on the topic of the concept of saving dental health of students in the Russian Federation.MATERIALS AND METHODS. Russian and foreign topical publications in electronic databases: Elibrary, Cyberleninka, GoogleScholar were analysed. The articles, the content of which refers to the concept of saving dental health of students in the Russian Federation, were selected and included in the review.RESULTS. A total of 247 articles were reviewed. After analysing the literature according to the inclusion criteria, the final number was 83. The articles were selected and included in the review, the content of which is related to the concept of saving dental health among students of the Russian Federation.CONCLUSIONS. The high prevalence of dental diseases among the younger generation indicates the need for wider implementation of preventive measures and introduction of preventive programmes.

AIM. To conduct a literature review and establish the relationship between gender stereotypes and dental health saving among students and to conduct our own analysis among higher education institutions such as: RUDN, RNIMU, MIREA.MATERIALS AND METHODS. A systematic literature review in the electronic databases of Google Scholar and Pubmed was conducted. Articles with content based on identifying the role of gender on oral health among 18–25-year-olds were reviewed. Sixty articles were reviewed, of which 10 from Pubmed and 50 from Google Scholar were selected. After selecting articles according to criteria, the total number of studies was 30. In addition, we conducted our own analysis among universities such as: RUDN, MIREA, RNIMU. 66 people (48 girls and 18 men) participated in the survey.RESULTS. We established the relationship between gender stereotypes and saving dental health, but we do not exclude that the level of oral health among students is individual and depends only partly on gender.CONCLUSION. It is possible to note the influence of gender stereotypes regarding saving dental health. Girls are more careful about the state of oral cavity and health in general. This conclusion is based on the increased frequency of visits to the dentist for preventive examinations. The male part of the population, due to lack of knowledge in the field of prevention, improperly care for their oral cavity, this is expressed in the wrong brush, its coarser use and lack of instructions for daily brushing. The attitude of men towards the dentist plays an important role. Due to lack of habit and less awareness of health issues, they are more likely to be exposed to discomfort and stress during the appointment than girls. In conclusion, we would like to say that gender stereotypes have a place, but still the level of dental health among students is individualized and only partly depends on gender.

BACKGROUND: Despite ongoing treatment and prevention programmes, the prevalence of dental diseases remains high, particularly in young people. The prevalence of oral diseases is influenced by several socioeconomic factors, including age, place of residence, fluoride intake, individual oral care, diet and general somatic disease. The study of these factors is an urgent issue in dentistry. AIM: To study the medical and social characteristics of young people and their effect on the prevalence of dental diseases. METHODS: The oral cavities in 917 patients aged 18–44 years who had no history of dental treatment for at least 6 months were examined. The indices of DMF, Silness–LÖe, Green–Vermillion, PMA, CPITN, detection of noncarious lesions of teeth, malocclusion and diseases of the pulp, periapical tissues and periodontal were determined. To establish the influence of social and hygienic factors on the condition of the oral cavity, the survey responses of the study participants were analysed. RESULTS: In young people, the rates of dental caries, diseases of the pulp and periapical tissues and inflammatory periodontal diseases were 94.2%, 47.4% and 86.8%, respectively. Among the medical and social factors determining the high prevalence of dental diseases, unsatisfactory hygienic condition of the oral cavity, visits to the dentist less than once a year and professional oral hygiene less than once a year should be noted. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of dental diseases in young people requires a differentiated approach to therapeutic and preventive measures, using medical and social factors.

Purpose: to determine the frequency of occurrence of gnathological complications during therapeutic treatment in the opinion of dentists-internists, dentists-general practitioners and to identify their approaches to the treatment of this group of patients.Materials and methods: a survey of dentists-internists, dentists-general practitioners was conducted (82 respondents). The questionnaire was provided for filling out in paper form, as well as in electronic form by Google Forms, depending on the preferences and location of the respondent.Results: this survey showed a high incidence of gnathological complications during therapeutic treatment, 92.68% of respondents encountered complications from the TMJ after treatment in patients. Most often, complications occurred during root canal treatment (34.2%) and work lasting more than 60 minutes (61.5%). Both similar and different features were identified in the treatment of this group of patients.Conclusions: despite the high incidence of gnathological complications in the therapeutic rehabilitation of patients, according to dentists, there is currently no unified approach to the treatment of patients in this group and requires further development.

Цель: выявление пациентов с эрозиями на стоматологическом приеме и составление индивидуального плана профилактических и лечебных мероприятий в зависимости от выявленных этиологических факторов, степени деструкции твердых тканей зуба и активности процесса. Материалы и методы: на предмет выявления эрозий было обследовано 30 пациентов (14 мужчин и 16 женщин), средний возраст участников составил 33,66 (±9,58) года. План лечения и профилактических рекомендаций составляли на основании выявленных этиологических факторов, степени деструкции и стадии активности процесса. Результаты: Из 30 пациентов эрозии зубов были выявлены у шести из них (20%). Прием гормональных препаратов с целью коррекции уровня эстрогенов выявлен у двоих пациенток (6,6%), гастрит с повышенной кислотностью – у одного пациента (3,3%), кислая диета в сочетании с агрессивной чисткой зубов – у одного пациента (3,3%), синдром Шегрена – у одного пациента (3,3%), частое употребление газированных напитков – у одного пациента (3,3%). По степени деструкции из шести пациентов, у которых были выявлены эрозии, I степень наблюдалась у одной пациентки (16,6%), II степень – у двоих пациентов (33,3%), III степень – у троих пациентов (50%). По активности процесса из выявленных шести пациентов с эрозиями активная стадия наблюдалась у четырех пациентов (66,6%), стабилизировавшаяся стадия – у двоих пациентов (33,3%). Заключение: расположение эрозивных поражений обусловлено этиологическим фактором или сочетанием таковых. Выявление и устранение/минимизирование этиологического фактора является важнейшим этапом в предотвращении прогрессирования эрозивных поражений. Выбор метода лечения у пациентов с эрозиями зубов зависит от степени деструкции твердых тканей и стадии активности процесса.