Lev B. Klebanov

A certain characterization of the Marshall–Olkin distribution is proposed by the property of the same distribution of the monomial and the linear for

It is shown the classical limit theorems lead to characterization of normal and strictly stable distributions. Generalizations for sums of a random number

The relevance of the study is determined by the existential and ethical-legal imperative to re-evaluate the concept of death in a context where traditional philosophical understandings of the end of existence as a biological phenomenon are being augmented by new categories. The aim of the research is to examine death, tracing how philosophical and ethical concepts have been transformed into legal and regulatory mechanisms (legal aspects). The methodology of this study is based on the method of materialistic dialectics, which facilitates a comprehensive examination of the phenomenon within the dynamics of its development, including its evolution and acquisition of new qualitative and quantitative characteristics. General scientific methods applied include analysis and synthesis, induction, deduction, and structural-functional methods, while specific scientific methods encompass the formal and logical, comparative legal, and comparative historical approaches. The paper traces the evolution of legal norms regulating relations death-related relationships, from the religious and philosophical doctrines of Antiquity and the Middle Ages to the secular legal positivism of the modern era. The conclusion affirms that philosophical thanatology serves as a necessary methodological foundation for law, ensuring that legal categories (legal thanatology) appropriately protect human interests within the multidimensional space of existence.

Review of the lecture: A.V. Fedorov “Criminal Liability of Legal Entities as a New Direction in the Development of Foreign Legislation”, Law Institute of RUDN University, Moscow, March 6, 2026 Рецензия на лекцию: А.В. Федоров «Уголовная ответственность юридических лиц как новое направление развития законодательства за рубежом», г. Москва, юридический институт РУДН, 6 марта 2026 года

A certain characterization of the logistic distribution is proposed by the property of identical distribution of two linear forms.

We prove that any positive random variable may be the limit of the random sums of independent identically distributed random variables. Thus, the limit distribution in the case of summing a random number of random variables may not be stable. The lack of stability in the limit distribution significantly distinguishes the summation scheme for a random number of random variables from the classical summation scheme. Moreover, the analogs of stable distributions in the summation of a random number of terms also turn out to be limit distributions in a suitable summation scheme.

Введение:в ходе исследования рассмотрены теоретические основы восстановительного правосудия, его модели и типы, проанализированы стадии уголовного судопроизводства, на которых возможно применение медиативных процедур. Исследовано соответствие института восстановительного правосудия принципам уголовного права. Цель: комплексное исследование уголовно-правовых аспектов восстановительного правосудия, анализ его соответствия принципам уголовного права и определение перспектив развития данного института в российском законодательстве. Методы: формально-юридический метод, сравнительно-правовой анализ, системный подход, метод толкования правовых норм и историко-правовой метод. Результаты: исследование показало, что институт восстановительного правосудия может органично существовать в рамках уголовно-правовых норм; определены три основные модели реализации восстановительного правосудия; выявлены стадии уголовного процесса, где возможно применение медиации; установлено соответствие института принципам уголовного права. Выводы: уголовно-правовые отношения возникают между преступником и потерпевшим, реализуются через восстановительное правосудие с участием государства, преступника, потерпевшего и медиатора при соблюдении ключевого фактора – взаимного согласия сторон. Сфера применения восстановительного правосудия охватывает все стадии уголовного процесса. Правовая основа соответствует принципам уголовного права, базируется на ст. 76 УК РФ, согласуется с целями наказания. Обозначено перспективное развитие, а именно оформление института как иной меры уголовно-правового характера, необходимость корректировки уголовного и уголовно-процессуального законодательства. Introduction: the research considers theoretical foundations of restorative justice, its models and types and analyzes criminal proceeding stages where mediation procedures can be used. The compliance of the institution of restorative justice with the principles of criminal law is studied. Purpose: to conduct a comprehensive study of the criminal law aspects of restorative justice, analyze its compliance with the principles of criminal law and determine prospects for the development of this institution in Russian legislation. Methods: formal legal method, comparative legal analysis, systematic approach, method of interpretation of legal norms and historical legal method. Results: the study shows that the institution of restorative justice can organically exist within the framework of criminal law norms; three main models of implementing restorative justice are identified; stages of the criminal process where mediation is possible are determined; the institution’s compliance with criminal law principles are established. Conclusions: criminal law relations arise between the offender and the victim, are implemented through restorative justice with the participation of the state, the offender, the victim and the mediator, while respecting the key factor –mutual consent of the parties. The scope of restorative justice covers all stages of the criminal process. The legal framework complies with criminal law principles, is based on Article 76 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, and is consistent with the purposes of punishment. The institution can be designed as another criminal law measure and the criminal and criminal procedure legislation can be adjusted.

The article explores the historical-legal and comparative legal problems of assessing the actions of persons who voluntarily report corruption (from Roman traditions and the Middle Ages to modern legislation in various countries). Using the examples of «actio popularis» and «qui tam», the analysis demonstrates how the idea of encouraging citizens to report offenses — while simultaneously shielding them from false accusations and unjust pressure — developed historically. The core question is whether current legal frameworks and public institutions adequately protect those who decide to expose corruption. Detailed attention is given to issues such as informants’ anonymity and potential rewards, alongside the dangers of abuse in the absence of proper oversight. The study also highlights international experience (e.g., in the United Kingdom, the United States, and several Asian countries) and examines the work of specialized agencies such as the Serious Fraud Office (SFO), which handles large-scale financial crime investigations. Such a system enhances trust in governmental institutions, helps curb corruption, and lays the groundwork for a more stable and equitable society.