Tawfiq Al-Mughanam

To analyze the relationship between lactoferrin and COVID-19, a systematic review and meta-analysis of works published between 2020 and 2025 was carried out. The search strategy consisted of compiling research and review articles with the keywords COVID-19 and lactoferrin, COVID-19 and lactoferrin, SARS-COV-2 and lactoferrin, and SARS-COV-2 and lactoferrin in the databases of the search engines Elsevier, PubMed, and Google Scholar. In addition, these were classified depending on the type of study (e.g., in vivo, in vitro, both, or neither). PRISMA was used to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis. A total of 1531 articles were found, of which any duplicates were discarded, leaving 1234. A second database was created for strictly research and in vivo type articles, obtaining only 69 articles. Lactoferrin demonstrated a significant effect in reducing fatigue among COVID-19 patients, contributing to improved recovery and functional status—particularly in individuals with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. However, its impact on other symptoms did not reach statistical significance.

The Volume 12, published for JFFHMT Journal.

A gaseous flow is employed as heat transfer fluid (HTF) in a parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) for simultaneous production of cooling at three different levels of temperature to meet the demands of air conditioning, refrigeration, and ultra-low temperature refrigeration required to ensure the efficacy of some special vaccines. The combined system consists of five subsystems including PTSC, Kalina cycle, ejector refrigeration cycle (ERC), cascaded refrigeration cycle (CRC), and absorption refrigeration cycle (ARC). A simulation through Engineering Equation Solver (EES) is conducted to assess the impact of internal tube diameter of absorber and solar irradiation on rise of HTF temperature and mass flow rate of Kalina cycle fluid. It is determined that for given solar irradiation, temperature of HTF goes down when internal diameter of absorber tube is enlarged. The influence of weather conditions; solar irradiation and ambient temperature, type of HTF, and concentration of ammonia-water basic solution on thermal and exergy efficiencies of three-stage cooling cycle (TSC) are examined. The TSC with helium operated PTSC deliver better results than air and CO₂. Exergy analysis show that solar collector (30.26%) dissipates the highest exergy, followed by ejector (12.5%) and VGSS (7.61%). Type of CRC fluid-pair affect TSC cycle refrigeration capacity, and cooling exergy efficiency. Promotion of solar irradiation from 850 to 1200 W/m² increases the cooling exergy efficiency of three-stage cycle from 6.72% to 9.52% when evaporator temperature is set at −45°C and CRC employs NH₃-propylene.

The present research investigates the wear characteristics of an epoxy composite reinforced with a novel Caesalpinia decapetala (CD) shell. The CD is available abundantly worldwide, especially in Ethiopia, particularly in East and West Oromia near West Harar. The composite specimens were processed in the open mould casting technique by varying the vol. of CD in 10, 20, and 30. EDS is used to evaluate the important elements present in the CD. The density of composites increases with the increase in the content of CD, while the void content estimations reveal good control over the composite fabrication. The wear response of composites is investigated by varying the sliding distance and load and by maintaining a fixed velocity (5m/s). At a 5km slide distance and 50N load, the 30vol. Caesalpinia decapetala composition depicts better wear resistance and friction coefficient than other compositions. Experimental results are used to envisage the ideal wear factors and to assess the influence of parameters over the two wear objectives, wear rate and CoF. The grey relational analysis- (GRA-) coupled artificial neural network (ANN) hybrid technique was employed for the prediction and validation. It has been observed that a trivial error of 0.49 amidst GRA and ANN estimation is observed.

Prediction of new materials is crucial for the advancement of technology. Here, in this research work, the first-principle computation has been conducted utilizing the WIEN2K package to probe the structural, electronic, mechanical, and optical properties of barium-based chloroperovskites BaMCl₃ (M = Ag, Cu) compounds. The optimized lattice constants are calculated for both compounds which are 9.90 Bohr for BaAgCl₃ and 9.38 Bohr for BaCuCl₃. To obtain better and more precise results for the electronic band’s structure, TDOS and PDOS (total and partial density of states), and the TB-mBJ potential approximation are employed. The indirect band gap (R–Γ) is found for both compounds having values of 1.173 eV and 2.30 eV for BaCuCl₃ and BaAgCl₃, respectively, which depicts its semiconducting nature. The calculation of elastic properties is conducted with IRelast code. The Cauchy pressure, Bulk modulus, Young’s modulus, Shear modulus, anisotropic ratio, Kleinman parameters, and Poisson’s ratio are calculated from the obtained elastic constants. The computation of elastic parameters indicates that the interested chloroperovskites are anisotropic, mechanically stable, hard to scratch, and ductile. From 0 eV to 40 eV incident photon energy ranges, the various optical parameter such as refractive index, absorption coefficient, dielectric function, reflectivity, extinction coefficient, and optical conductivity are analyzed. These compounds absorb maximum light within 5 to 25 eV incident photon energy. Hence, these materials are good light absorbers, therefore, they can be used in optoelectronic devices for high-frequency applications.

Geothermal energy can be utilized to warm-up the agricultural fields during the wintertime. This will help to maintain the agricultural fields at a steady suita