Thomas P. Bambauer
Current Organizations / Institutes
The organizations/institutes from the scholar's latest article
Research Subjects
Thomas P. Bambauer has a total of 14 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:
Armin A. Weber
Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
2 shared publicationsLea Wagmann
Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
2 shared publications- Markus R. Meyer
Experimental and Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), PharmaScienceHub (PSH), Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
2 shared publications - Sascha K. Manier
Experimental and Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), PharmaScienceHub (PSH), Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
2 shared publications Christina Felske
Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
1 shared publicationHans H. Maurer
Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
1 shared publication
Latest Publications
- 27 February 2020
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in Journal of Analytical Toxicology
- Vol. 44 (6) , 549-558
Toxicokinetics and Analytical Toxicology of Flualprazolam: Metabolic Fate, Isozyme Mapping, Human Plasma Concentration and Main Urinary Excretion Products
An increasing number of benzodiazepine-type compounds are appearing on the new psychoactive substances market. 8-Chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine (well known as flualprazolam) represents a potent ‘designer benzodiazepine’ that has been associated with sedation, loss of consciousness, memory loss and disinhibition. The aims of the present study were to tentatively identify flualprazolam metabolites using in vitro incubations with pooled human liver S9 fraction or HepaRG cells by means of liquid-chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Isozymes involved in phase I and II biotransformation were identified in vitro. Results were then confirmed using human biosamples of an 18-year old male who was admitted to the emergency department after suspected flualprazolam ingestion. Furthermore, the plasma concentration was determined using the standard addition method. Seven flualprazolam metabolites were tentatively identified. Several cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isozymes, amongst them CYP3A4 and UGT1A4, were shown to be involved in flualprazolam biotransformation reactions, and an influence of polymorphisms as well as drug–drug or drug–food interactions cannot be excluded. Alpha-hydroxy flualprazolam glucuronide, 4-hydroxy flualprazolam glucuronide and the parent glucuronide were identified as most abundant signals in urine, far more abundant than the parent compound flualprazolam. These metabolites are thus recommended as urine-screening targets. If conjugate cleavage was performed during sample preparation, the corresponding phase I metabolites should be added as targets. Both hydroxy metabolites can also be recommended for blood screening. The flualprazolam plasma concentration determined in the intoxication case was as low as 8 μg/L underlining the need of analytical methods with sufficient sensitivity for blood-screening purposes.
- 27 February 2020
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in Journal of Analytical Toxicology
- Vol. 44 (6) , 549-558
Toxicokinetics and Analytical Toxicology of Flualprazolam: Metabolic Fate, Isozyme Mapping, Human Plasma Concentration and Main Urinary Excretion Products
An increasing number of benzodiazepine-type compounds are appearing on the new psychoactive substances market. 8-Chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine (well known as flualprazolam) represents a potent ‘designer benzodiazepine’ that has been associated with sedation, loss of consciousness, memory loss and disinhibition. The aims of the present study were to tentatively identify flualprazolam metabolites using in vitro incubations with pooled human liver S9 fraction or HepaRG cells by means of liquid-chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Isozymes involved in phase I and II biotransformation were identified in vitro. Results were then confirmed using human biosamples of an 18-year old male who was admitted to the emergency department after suspected flualprazolam ingestion. Furthermore, the plasma concentration was determined using the standard addition method. Seven flualprazolam metabolites were tentatively identified. Several cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isozymes, amongst them CYP3A4 and UGT1A4, were shown to be involved in flualprazolam biotransformation reactions, and an influence of polymorphisms as well as drug–drug or drug–food interactions cannot be excluded. Alpha-hydroxy flualprazolam glucuronide, 4-hydroxy flualprazolam glucuronide and the parent glucuronide were identified as most abundant signals in urine, far more abundant than the parent compound flualprazolam. These metabolites are thus recommended as urine-screening targets. If conjugate cleavage was performed during sample preparation, the corresponding phase I metabolites should be added as targets. Both hydroxy metabolites can also be recommended for blood screening. The flualprazolam plasma concentration determined in the intoxication case was as low as 8 μg/L underlining the need of analytical methods with sufficient sensitivity for blood-screening purposes.