Sergey Sergeevich Ivanov

Objective: To evaluate the reported prognostic value of initial computed tomography (CT) imaging for surgical planning and postoperative outcomes in panfacial fractures, and to determine whether CT‐derived variables have been consistently linked to clinically relevant outcomes. Data Sources: PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched from database inception to January 1, 2026. Eligible studies were restricted to publications from January 2015 onward. Methods: Studies were eligible if they included patients with panfacial fractures or separately extractable panfacial fracture subgroups, reported CT or imaging‐based assessment for diagnosis or surgical planning, and provided extractable postoperative or surgical‐management outcomes. Study characteristics, CT‐related variables, surgical‐planning data, and postoperative outcomes were extracted. Random‐effects meta‐analysis of single proportions was performed for infection, malocclusion, revision or secondary surgery, and enophthalmos. CT‐derived prognostic evidence was synthesized narratively according to whether imaging variables were directly or indirectly linked to outcomes. Results: Sixteen studies involving 1811 patients were included. Pooled postoperative complication prevalences were 11% for infection (95% CI, 0%–90%), 10% for malocclusion (95% CI, 5%–19%), 2% for revision or secondary surgery (95% CI, 2%–4%), and 5% for enophthalmos (95% CI, 1%–21%). CT, multiplanar imaging, or three‐dimensional reconstruction was frequently reported for fracture characterization and operative planning. However, standardized CT‐derived prognostic variables were inconsistently reported, and few studies directly linked initial imaging findings to postoperative outcomes. Conclusion: Initial CT imaging is essential for assessment and surgical planning in panfacial fractures. Current evidence provides pooled postoperative benchmarks but remains insufficient to establish robust CT‐based prognostic prediction. Standardized CT reporting, fracture‐severity classification, and outcome assessment are needed to clarify whether initial imaging findings can predict surgical complexity and long‐term outcomes.

The article touches upon the theme of microstructure of the dental implant surfaces analysis and elemental composition of dental implants from various systems available on the domestic market. A radiographic analysis of 12 new sterile dental implants of different systems that have official certification in Russian Federation was performed. Study was conducted on a sequential spectrometer. One sample of each system was used in the study. Implants were opened right before the study to prevent surface contamination. Obtained data on the elemental composition was entered into the table and compared with the values of governmental standards for titanium, which is used for the production of medical devices. The assessment of the microstructure of dental implants surface was also carried out. Images of the surfaces were taken at magnifications of 1000, 5 000 and 10 000 using an electron force microscope with an energy-dispersive microanalyzer attachment. A comparative visual assessment of the topography, impurities and defects on the surfaces of different dental implant systems was conducted.

Despite the abundance of dental implant surface modification methods, a gap exists between their laboratory efficacy and the level of evidence-based clinical data, complicating the selection of the optimal technology for specific clinical scenarios. Aim: to conduct a comparative analysis of modern surface modification methods (chemical etching, anodization, plasma spraying, laser treatment, nanotechnology) by evaluating their clinical advantages, limitations, and application prospects based on a systematic literature review. Materials and methods. An analysis of publications from 2015—2025 was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, eLibrary, and RSCI databases. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied to select peer-reviewed articles, including original research, reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trials. Results. It was established that each method creates a surface with unique parameters (micro- and nanotopography, chemical composition, bioactivity), which determines the differences in their clinical efficacy. Chemical etching and anodization demonstrate high osseointegration and are supported by long-term studies. Plasma spraying of hydroxyapatite is effective in complex cases but carries risks of coating degradation. Laser treatment and nanotechnology offer the highest precision and multifunctionality but require further long-term clinical studies. Conclusions. The choice of a surface modification method should be based on considering its evidence-based advantages and limitations for specific clinical conditions. Future development prospects are associated with the combination of technologies and the creation of intelligent surfaces with controllable properties. The integration of advanced methods into practice requires the development of standards and long-term randomized studies.

When planning dental implantation with immediate loading, the position of the mandible is often determined according to habitual occlusion without objective functional diagnostics, which in patients with unstable occlusion may lead to an unstable position of the mandibular condyles and an increased risk of developing symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD). The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a functionally oriented protocol for planning implantation with immediate loading in such patients. A prospective study included 70 patients randomized into two groups of 35 each. In the control group, a standard planning protocol based on clinical data and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used. In the main group, neuromuscular deprogramming, optical axiography, and digital analysis of mandibular movements were additionally performed to determine its therapeutic position, followed by digital planning and fabrication of constructions for immediate loading. Symptoms of TMD and the width of the posterior joint space according to CBCT were assessed before treatment and after 6 months. In the control group, the frequency of symptoms increased from 3 % to 12 %, whereas no new cases of dysfunction were detected in the main group. In the main group, the width of the posterior joint space increased from 1.53±0.57 to 3.22±0.36 mm on the left and from 1.55±0.52 to 3.17±0.40 mm on the right; in the control group, from 1.51±0.59 to 2.82±0.43 mm and from 1.45±0.55 to 2.91±0.46 mm, respectively (p<0.05), reflecting a more pronounced normalization of condylar position in the main group.

Introduction. Implantology is currently one of the most dynamically developing areas of dentistry, which is due to the growing prevalence of partial and complete absence of teeth, as well as the increased need of patients for highly effective methods aimed at restoring chewing function. The key factor for successful implantation is osseointegration, the process of forming a strong bond between bone tissue and a dental implant. Effective osseointegration ensures not only the reliability and long-term functionality of the implants, but also the stability of the entire structure. Existing studies on the effect of micro- and macrorelief of the implant surface on the process of osseointegration provide contradictory data. The purpose of this literature review is to evaluate the effect of various types of dental implant surfaces on the speed and quality of osseointegration, as well as on the durability of implants.Methods. For the research, a detailed search of scientific data was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, Cyber Leninka, Elibrary, Google Scholar. The search was limited to articles in Russian and English using the terms «osseointegration» and «micro- and macro-relief of implants».Results. The study showed that the correct choice of surface characteristics, depending on the patient’s anatomical features and operating conditions, can significantly increase the likelihood of a successful treatment outcome and ensure long-term functionality of dental implantation.Conclusion. The results obtained emphasize the importance of osseointegration for the stability, viability and effectiveness of dental implantation, which directly depends on its micro- and macrorelief surface.

The absence of a reproducible central occlusion previously posed a challenge for performing digital axiography due to the inability to align different types of data within a single coordinate system. In this article, we present a developed digital algorithm for planning dental implantation in a patient with partial tooth loss and a non-fixed bite. Special attention in this methodology was given to determining the centric relation of the jaws in a digital format, as well as the position of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) heads relative to the slopes of the articular eminences. During the digital planning process, axiography was performed on a patient with a non-fixed bite using radiopaque markers. The new mandibular position obtained from the axiographic analysis served as the basis for modeling the future temporary prosthesis, which guided the planning of implant placement. Surgical guides and scanning templates were fabricated, enabling the transfer of the virtual model of the postoperative jaw relative to its original position. This allowed for the alignment of the postoperative scan of the upper jaw with the model of the lower jaw. Based on the available data, a temporary prosthesis on straight abutments was fabricated and fixed in the oral cavity on the 3rd day after implant placement.

Aim. To demonstrate the results of polymerase chain reaction in real time.Materials and methods. The gum fragment was placed in 1 ml of RNA-leiter ("QIAGEN", Germany), incubated for a day at +4C, samples were stored at -70 °C.To obtain cDNA from the RNA matrix, a ready-made set of reagents MMLV RT Kit ("Eurogen", Russia) was used, the reaction was carried out according to the attached instructions. 2 µl of random decanucleotide primer (Random dN) and 1 µl of sterile RNase-free water were added to 6 µl of RNA, heated at +70C in a “Termit” thermostat (“DNA-Technology”, Russia) for 2 min to melt secondary RNA structures, then stored on ice (+4C). 4 ml of 5X buffer was added to the reaction mixture for the synthesis of the first chain (280 mM Tris-HCl, 375 mM KCl, 30 mM MgCl2, pH 8,7), 2 ml of dNTP mixture, 2 ml of DTT and 2 ml of sterile water free of RNase. Immediately before the reaction, 1 ml of MMLV revertase (reverse transcriptase of mouse leukemia virus) was added to the mixture and added to the RNA. The test tubes were heated in the Gnome thermostat (“DNA- Technology”, Russia) at +39C for 60 minutes, then at +70C for 10 minutes in the “Termit” thermostat (“DNA-Technology”, Russia).Results. The expression of IL-4, IL-10, IL-6, IL-12b, IL-1ß, MMP9 mRNA was not detected in the studied samples. The results of the polymerase chain reaction in real time showed that the expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFa and TIMP1 genes did not differ in both the autograft group and the collagen membrane group. The expression of MMP 2 and TIMP 2 was higher in the group using a collagen membrane, which is probably associated with tissue regeneration processes.Conclusions. Fibro-guide collagen matrix shows no less effective clinical results in comparison with autografts

This article presents a new method of reconstruction of the atrophied distal alveolar process of the maxilla in patients with chronic polyposis sinusitis that we have developed and introduced into clinical practice. The method provides for bone grafting using open sinus inlay technique with simultaneous removal of polyps from the maxillary sinus and immediate or delayed placement of dental implants. Previously, the presence of extranasal sinus polyps was a contraindication to sinus lifting surgery. Treatment required an additional stage of the sinus sanation, which is possible only in the in-patient department, prolongs the rehabilitation time for patients with tooth loss, and extends the prosthetics period for dental implants. Moreover, it is not always possible to predict the exact time of the in-patient stage of treatment because of the individual characteristics of the body and the risk of possible complications, which in turn can increase the total period of surgical treatment. The developed method makes it possible to exclude the stage of in-patient treatment involving sanation of the maxillary sinus in this category of patients and thus reduces the duration of surgical treatment by 3–4 months.

Lack of adequate width and thickness of periodontal or peri-implant soft tissues can compromise the aesthetics, function or survival of teeth and dental implants. Biomaterials are widely used in dentistry to overcome the disadvantages of autogenous tissue transplantation. The advantage of using biomaterials is that there is no need for re-surgery and that they are available in large quantities. The most widely used biomaterial for soft tissue augmentation is collagen, as it is believed to best mimic the natural cellular environment of the extracellular matrix, although other biomaterials are also candidates for soft tissue regeneration. Collagen matrices differ in composition, three-dimensional structure, elasticity and mechanical stability. Aim. is to review the literature on the optimization of regeneration at the stages of soft tissue augmentation using a collagen matrix.