Sayed Ali Marashi

The Article Abstract is not available.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of leadership styles on employees' deviant behavior with the mediating role of perceived politicization and the moderating role of social support among employees working in Abadan Oil Refining Company. In the proposed research model, leadership style was ...

Objective: Claims have been made that more sexual liberalism in society than what generally existed in human history is necessary to promote societal tranquility and reduce violence. This research was conducted to investigate the real relationship between sexual behavior and aggression based on scientific data especially from the perspective of physiological psychology. Method: This study was a narrative review and utilized evidence-based findings from neuropsychology, psychophysiology, laboratory research, and field studies. Databases were explored for related terms until sufficiency was reached. The findings were categorized and analyzed descriptively and interpretively to establish connections between the findings. Ultimately, a comprehensive conceptualization was developed to conclude a theory on the relationship between sexual behavior, sexual satiety, and aggression. Results: The study indicated that unrestrained sexual behavior leads to an escalation of the behavior, rather than satiation, and aggression rather than calmness. This may be due to positive feedback in the nervous and hormonal systems, specifically mediated by the medial preoptic area (MPA) and testosterone, leading to aggressive behavior. However, since sexual deprivation can potentially lead to aggression, it is advisable to view the relationship between sexual activity and violence as a non-linear one. Conclusion: This paper establishes that the intensification of sexual behaviors leads to increased violence and aggression in society, ultimately elevating levels of public insecurity. Therefore, limiting sexual behavior within the framework of the relationship of married couples may serve as a moderating factor for this phenomenon.

Objectives This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on psychological well-being and meaning in the life of mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disorders living in Ahvaz City, Iran. Methods The research method was experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The study participants included 30 mothers who were selected by random sampling method. Fifteen mothers were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 15 to the control group, and the intervention was conducted for the experimental group. The study instruments included psychological well-being scale and a meaning in life questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by using a multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS v. 22. Results Multivariate analysis of covariance showed that the study groups differed significantly in at least one of the dependent variables. F statistics of univariate analysis of covariance for psychological well-being (F=48.32, P≥0.001) and meaning in life (F=51.32, P≥0.001) were obtained in the pretest. In addition, the F statistics of univariate analysis of covariance were obtained for the psychological well-being variable (F=45.61, P≥0.001) and meaning in life (F=33.60, P≥0.001) in the posttest. Therefore, a significant difference was observed between experimental and control groups in the posttest and follow-up stages in the dependent variables (psychological well-being and meaning in life). Conclusion The results showed that compassion-focused therapy significantly improved the psychological well-being and meaning of mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disorders. A follow-up of four weeks also indicated the sustainability of the therapeutic improvements. Consequently, this treatment is recommended to psychotherapists as a valuable intervention for increasing psychological well-being and meaning in life.

Background: Marital satisfaction is one of the main factors affecting the quality of life in marital relationships. It refers to individuals’ positive attitudes toward their marital relationship, and marital dissatisfaction is a negative and displeased attitude toward various aspects of marital relationship. Objectives: The present study aimed to explore the causal relationship between attachment styles and marital satisfaction regarding the mediating role of Gottman’s marital communication model. Methods: The statistical population encompassed all university students in Ahvaz in the academic year 2019 - 2020. The multi-stage random sampling method was used, and 230 persons were selected as the study samples. Hudson's Index of Marital Satisfaction (IMS), Coolins and Reed's Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS), and Gottman's Communication Skills Scale (FHS) were also used to collect the data. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26 and AMOS software version 24. Results: The results indicated that the study model well-fitted the study population, and all direct paths were statistically significant. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between secure attachment, anxiety-insecure attachment, and avoidance-insecure attachment with marital satisfaction mediated by Gottman's communication skills (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: Given the effect of Gottman’s couple attachment styles and four communication skills on marital satisfaction, their effectiveness in marital satisfaction is proved. Accordingly, therapists are recommended to implement educational and treatment programs containing cognitive and preventive attachment styles and Gottman’s communication skills to promote couples' marital satisfaction.

Background: Experiencing painful procedures during life is inevitable. Poor pain management is associated with negative effects on the quality of life, remaining for a long time after the experience. Long-term negative effects of pain possess a significant cost burden on society. Nowadays, computers are globally available, and computerized psychological interventions can reduce negative emotions. Objectives: The present study aimed at examining the effectiveness of conventional cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and its computerized version on reduction in pain intensity, depression, anger, and anxiety in children with cancer. Methods: The present randomized, controlled, clinical trial was performed on three groups of conventional CBT, computerized CBT (cCBT), and control. Children with cancer, referring to Shafa Hospital of Ahvaz, Iran, constituted the study samples. A total of 15 children aged 9 - 12 years were assigned to each group by using the lottery method. All three groups received routine medical treatments during the study, but the two intervention groups also received psychological interventions as a complementary treatment. The control group received routine medical treatment and underwent cCBT intervention after the study. The data-i e, pre- and post-tests, were collected by a masters’ student in clinical psychology that was blind to the study objectives. Data were analyzed by MANCOVA, ANOVA, and t-tests of differential scores. Results: The findings of the study indicated that both interventions could reduce negative emotions associated with cancer (i. e, pain, anger, anxiety, and depression) in children compared with the control group (P < 0.0001). In addition, there were no significant differences between the two intervention groups (P < 0.01). It means both interventions were useful to reduce pain and enhance adjustment. Conclusions: The cCBT can be utilized in case of no access to psychologists and psychological services.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy accompanied by positive imagination of success during hypnosis on athletic performance. Methods: The research method was experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and control group. The sample consisted of two teams of 14-year-old players (n = 30) who were matched from age, educational status, absence of physical and mental disorder, as well as other criteria considered in this research. Then, they were randomly divided into two groups, experimental and control group. The pre-test was administered to both groups. The research instrument was Yeagly’s Football standardized test (YFT). The experimental group administered eight sessions of group cognitive-behavioral therapy with hypnotism and positive imagination, however, the control group did not receive any intervention. In addition, the experimental group, during the eight weeks of cognitive-behavioral group therapy, enjoyed three sessions of positive imagination during the hypnosis, whereas the control group did not receive any intervention. Results: The data analysis results showed that the experimental group had a significant difference with the control group (P < 0.001). The performance of experimental group significantly increased in comparison with pre-test and control group. Conclusions: Cognitive-behavioral therapy accompanied by the positive imagination of success during hypnosis significantly increased the athletic performance in the experimental group in three items of shoot to the target, fixed pass, and moving pass. Therefore, to improve the performance of a soccer team, the use of cognitive behavioral techniques and hypnotism with positive imagination of success is recommended.