Chia‐Feng Chen

Objective: The current study examined whether Taiwanese intimate partners' gender would determine their latent profiles of gender role attitudes, warmth toward partner, and perceived equity at home and in society. Background: Taiwanese middle‐aged adults have received traditional education rooted in Confucianism and encountered societal shifts in gender roles. How their gender in the context of East Asian cultures affects their gender role profiles is understudied. Method: Using data collected in 2022 from the Taiwan Social Change Survey, a nationally representative data set, we conducted a latent profile analysis of Taiwanese intimate partners ( M _age = 52.5, N = 1,024, 55% female) to explore potential determinants of their group membership of gender role profiles. Results: Three latent groups were identified: The largest group (64%; women represented 59% of this group) had the highest egalitarian gender role attitudes and warmth toward partner. The other two groups were a more traditional gender role profile (21%; mostly men) and an egalitarian gender role profile with the lowest perceived inequity at home and in society (16%; mostly women). Conclusion: Taiwanese gender role attitudes have been more egalitarian over the past decade. Intimate partners' gender predicts their gender role profiles as indicated by variables across bioecological levels such as individual gender role attitudes, warmth toward partner, and perceived equity in family and society. Implications: Although a larger proportion of Taiwanese women showed more egalitarian gender role profiles than men, Taiwanese men represented 41% of the largest group, similar to the proportion of male participants (45%). The fact that most Taiwanese, regardless of gender, are classified in the most egalitarian group is worth investigating. Practitioners promoting gender equity could pay more attention to clients' gender role profiles.

Objective: The goal was to test a developmental model incorporating various parent and child effects. Background: Approaches offered to describe child development include attachment, transactional, and cascade perspectives, but research testing these three theories simultaneously has been lacking. Method: We investigated whether early parental sensitivity predicted later child competence, child cognitive competence and socioemotional competence predicted one another, transactional relations existed between parental sensitivity and child competence, and the association between parental sensitivity and child competence was moderated by child gender. Indirect effects between parental sensitivity and child competence were examined. Multiple‐informant data from a multiethnic sample of children and their families followed from ages 3 to 10 years ( N = 1,364, 48% female) were analyzed using the cross‐lagged panel model and multiple‐group analysis in structural equation modeling. Indirect effects were tested using bootstrap. Results: Parental sensitivity predicted later child competence (eight out of 18 paths, 44%), child cognitive competence and socioemotional competence predicted one another (three out of eight paths, 38%), and transactional relations between parental sensitivity and child competence existed (18 out of 32 paths, 56%). Two moderation effects by child gender were identified (out of 40 paths, 5%). Cascade and transactional indirect effects lasted between 3.5 to 5.5 years (14 out of 39 paths, 36%). Conclusion: Children receiving higher parental sensitivity from early through middle childhood generally show better socioemotional and cognitive competence later, and child effects on parents are also evident. Implications: Transactional effects between parental sensitivity and child competence across a longer time span merit further investigation.

Rooted in the U.S. immigrant paradox and shared language erosion theories, the current study examined whether Latinx youths’ preference for parental preferred language moderated the prediction from parental affect to relative change in youths’ delinquent behavior. Data were from a subsample of the Pathways to Desistance Study. At baseline, adjudicated Latinx youths ( M _age = 16.1, N = 454, 12% female) reported on their delinquent behavior and perceived parental affect using the Self-Report of Offending scale (SRO) and Quality of Parental Relationships Inventory, respectively. Delinquent behavior was reported again using the SRO after 7 years. The moderating effect of a common language within Latinx father-offspring dyads on the prediction from paternal warmth to youth desistance was identified in the interaction tests but not in the simple slopes tests. Parental hostility predicted a relative increase in youths’ delinquency among parent-offspring dyads wherein the youth did not typically use the parent’s preferred language (i.e., English or Spanish) but not among parent-offspring dyads wherein a common language was shared. That is, among high-risk Latinx youths, a parent-youth common language showed buffering effects against parental hostility. Practical, theoretical, and methodological implications of the findings are discussed.

This study addresses the degree to which three selection factors (parent personality, depression, and coparent support) drive movement into neighborhoods and predict changes in youth externalizing behavior. Two studies followed children from birth to age 15 (N = 1,364 for Study 1; N = 4,898 for Study 2). Neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage, family income, and youth externalizing behavior were consistently and significantly correlated cross sectionally and longitudinally. Selection factors predicted changes in youth externalizing behavior. Higher family income, mother agreeableness, and perceived support from a coparent predicted movement over time into less disadvantaged neighborhoods. Lower levels of mother impulsivity, neuroticism, and depression also predicted movement over time into less disadvantaged neighborhoods. Neighborhood disadvantage did not predict change in youth externalizing behavior when any of the above selection factors were included in the model. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: To investigate the trajectories of culturally specific predictors of parenting practices in Latinx families: familism (familísmo), respect (respéto), traditional gender role attitudes (machísmo and marianísmo), and the degree to which these parental cultural values predict changes in parenting practices.Background: Cultural values have been suggested to predict Latinx parenting practices, but there is a paucity of direct evidence. The current study fills the gap by testing such associations using corresponding measures.Method: We followed 549 Mexican‐origin families from when the adolescents (52% female) were in the fifth to eleventh grade. Parental authoritativeness, monitoring, and hostility were reported by multiple informants. Growth curve modeling was used.Results: Most trajectories of these parental cultural values showed small but significant declines during offspring adolescence, particularly when adolescent use of Spanish or parent–adolescent conflict was high. Parental cultural values predicted changes in parenting practices in four of 36 models, wherein initial paternal familísmo predicted decrease in paternal authoritativeness toward daughters, initial maternal traditional gender values predicted decrease in maternal hostility toward daughters, and initial parental traditional gender values predicted decrease in parental monitoring of sons.Conclusion: Although parental cultural values do not consistently predict changes in parenting practices, parental cultural values decrease with specific groups during specific times (i.e., during adolescence, especially in families with high parent–adolescent conflict or wherein the adolescent uses Spanish frequently).Implications: More attention to measured constructs in research on Latinx families and validity of parenting is required. Research on nuanced or lower order components of acculturation is needed.