Oksana Yurynets

The purpose of this study is to assess the efficiency of national organic sectors across European countries by distinguishing among export, retail, and consumer market performance. The methods involve separate panel stochastic frontier models with Cobb–Douglas function, an integrated domestic market efficiency index combining retail and consumer dimensions, and a quadrant-based classification of national development patterns. The main results show that processing infrastructure is the principal factor supporting domestic organic market efficiency, whereas a strong domestic market position does not necessarily coincide with high export efficiency. The organic sectors of European countries generally exhibit decreasing or nearconstant returns to scale, suggesting that expansion of the resource base alone does not ensure proportional improvements in market outcomes. The scientific novelty of the study lies in developing a multidimensional country-level SFA framework that separately evaluates the export, retail, and consumer-market efficiency of national organic sectors. The study further introduces an integrated domestic market efficiency index and combines it with export efficiency to construct a quadrant-based typology of national organic sector development patterns. The authors’ contribution is to extend efficiency analysis beyond the conventional farm-level perspective by applying three SFA models and combining their results to identify distinct patterns of organic sector development across European countries.

Purpose. The study aims to develop an integrated approach to assessing the efficiency of the agricultural sectors of EU countries and Ukraine and to examine their convergence patterns, stability, and development trajectories. It also seeks to determine whether lower-efficiency countries demonstrate catching-up dynamics, whether cross-country disparities diminish over time, and how Ukraine is positioned within the European agricultural efficiency framework. Methodology. The integrated efficiency index combines normalised CRS-DEA, VRS-DEA, SFA, and Malmquist total factor productivity change estimates. CRITIC is used as the principal objective weighting method, while entropy weighting provides a robustness check. β- and σ-convergence models, correlation analysis, and criterion-based typological classification are applied to EU data for 2016–2024; Ukraine is assessed for 2016–2022 because comparable later data are unavailable. Results. The findings reveal substantial cross-country differences in agricultural efficiency, with Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Italy among the leading countries, while Ukraine remains in the low or unstable efficiency group. The results confirm predominantly conditional β-convergence and partial, non-monotonic σ-convergence. Higher average efficiency is strongly associated with lower volatility, while CRITIC- and entropy-based country rankings are highly consistent. Four distinct efficiency trajectory groups are identified. Originality. The study integrates deterministic and stochastic frontier methods, productivity dynamics, objective weighting, convergence analysis, and country typology within a unified analytical framework. Unlike approaches based on a single efficiency measure or predefined weights, the proposed methodology combines static and dynamic dimensions of agricultural performance using data-driven weighting. The integrated index is applied not only to country ranking but also to analysing convergence, stability, and heterogeneous development trajectories. Practical implications. The results provide an analytical basis for differentiated agricultural policies tailored to the efficiency level, dynamics, and stability of each country group. Policy priorities include maintaining technological leadership in highly efficient countries, supporting modernisation in catching-up economies, and strengthening structural and institutional support in low or unstable efficiency systems.

The article examines scientific tourism as a distinct form of tourism and an effective tool of non-formal adult education. It analyses the conceptual foundations of non-formal education in Ukraine and Poland and explores approaches to defining scientific tourism within both academic traditions. Particular attention is paid to the absence of a unified definition of scientific tourism and to the identification of its key characteristics, including its orientation toward science-based activities conducted outside the researcher’s country of residence. The study also considers international and cross-border initiatives, including European Union programmes and Polish–Ukrainian cooperation projects, as practical mechanisms supporting the development of scientific tourism and academic mobility. Furthermore, the article examines the relationship between scientific tourism and academic freedom, highlighting their mutually reinforcing nature within contemporary educational and research systems. It is concluded that scientific tourism represents a flexible and integrative form of education that combines learning, research, and mobility, contributing to the professional and personal development of researchers, the expansion of international cooperation, and the strengthening of knowledge exchange in the global academic environment. The article emphasises that scientific tourism has become increasingly relevant in the context of globalization, digital transformation, and the growing internationalization of higher education and research. It demonstrates that participation in international scientific activities, academic exchanges, conferences, research visits, and cross-border projects enables researchers and educators to acquire new competencies, improve intercultural communication skills, and adapt to rapidly changing academic and professional environments. Particular attention is given to the role of scientific tourism in promoting lifelong learning and strengthening the integration of national educational systems into the European and global academic space. The study also highlights the socio-economic and institutional significance of scientific tourism, underlining its contribution not only to the advancement of science and education, but also to the development of international partnerships, innovation networks, and sustainable academic cooperation. It is argued that scientific tourism serves as an important platform for the dissemination of scientific knowledge, the transfer of best educational and research practices, and the formation of a global academic community based on the principles of academic freedom, openness, and collaborative exchange. Keywords: scientific tourism, non-formal education, adult education, educational tourism, academic freedom, international scientific collaborations.

The article examines the impact of the system of currency restrictions introduced under martial law on the management of foreign economic activity of Ukrainian enterprises. The purpose of the work is to analyze the economic consequences of regulatory barriers for enterprises engaged in foreign economic activity, conduct a comparative analysis of Ukraine's currency policy with international experience, and identify mechanisms for adapting business to activities under currency regulation. The theoretical basis comprises legislative and regulatory acts of the National Bank of Ukraine, financial statements of Ukrainian holdings, IMF data, and other analytical materials. It is determined that with the beginning of the full-scale invasion, a significant number of currency restrictions were introduced, which helped to ensure macroeconomic stability in the country, but this also caused significant damage to major exporting businesses due to exchange rate differences and liquidity problems. A comparative analysis of the international experience of currency restrictions using the example of Argentina made it possible to assess their impact in the long term. It has been established that foreign economic restrictions, as a rule, in the short term ensure macroeconomic stability, however, the long-term preservation of strict restrictions leads to structural deformations in the state economy, at the micro level the profitability and efficiency of business activities decreases, while at the macro level the efficiency of traditional monetary policy decreases, the country loses its investment attractiveness and leads to the formation of multiple exchange rates. Business adaptation strategies have been considered, it has been determined that business entities are improving liquidity management models using alternative financial instruments, such as bonds, foreign securities and, partially, crypto assets. There has also been a change in the employment structure of the population, to minimize regulatory and personnel risks under martial law. It has been concluded that, provided that the necessary macroeconomic indicators are achieved, a gradual liberalization of currency restrictions is necessary.

Artificial intelligence in public administration is critical for the modernization of the public sector and adaptation to the challenges of modern society. The paper analyzes studies dedicated to the impact of artificial intelligence on the efficiency, innovation, and transparency of management processes in the public sector using meta- and bibliometric analysis. The goal is to identify the main areas and keywords that highlight theoretical and practical aspects of artificial intelligence in public administration. In total, 879 scientific articles were analyzed, of which 598 works are devoted to artificial intelligence. Dynamic time analysis revealed a significant surge in scientific interest in artificial intelligence in public administration: from 2010 to 2019, 135 publications were devoted to this issue, and from 2020 to 2024, 421. Bibliographic maps of keywords and publication maps showed the main thematic areas of research on artificial intelligence: the application of AI in public administration and the public sector, decision-making in public administration, data management and digital technologies in public administration, and the strategic use of AI to forecast socio-economic trends.The obtained data became the basis for expanding the scientific and practical potential of using artificial intelligence in public administration. The main areas of future research will concern the regulation of ethical issues to ensure the trust of citizens, the development of a regulatory framework and standards, increasing the efficiency of public services, the integration of artificial intelligence into strategic planning, and the use of artificial intelligence to achieve sustainable development goals. AcknowledgmentThe analysis was carried out within the framework of the implementation of the perspective plan for the development of the scientific area “Social Sciences” of Sumy State University, number d/r 0121U112685.

The article analyses and assesses the current state of Ukraine's implementation of the EU acquis under the Association Agreement in the sector ‘Trade and Trade-related Matters’ on free movement of goods. The legislative and institutional framework for free movement of goods, albeit partially, already exists, in particular for the sectors that the ACAA may cover, thanks to the DCFTA commitments. Currently, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine is considering several draft laws on state market surveillance and standardisation to enable Ukraine to become a full member of the EU customs union in the near future. It is noted that the rapid elimination of systemic problems and further adoption of horizontal and vertical legislation of Ukraine harmonised with the EU law on free movement of goods will allow to move the issue of signing the Agreement on Joint Recognition of Certificates of Conformity for Industrial Products by Ukraine and the European Union (ACAA) into the practical plane. Monitoring of the fulfilment of obligations in this area made it possible to conclude that the level of preparation for bringing domestic trade legislation in key sectors in line with the European acquis communautaireis average . The articleidentifies the measures used to formulate and implement the policy of free movement of goods to ensure the fulfilment of Ukraine's obligations under the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. It is concluded that our country demonstrates a moderate level of preparation in the field of free movement of goods, which, on the basis of common rules and procedures, guarantees the possibility of free trade in goods to the Common Market member states in the European Union. At the same time, Ukraine still needs to analyse its legislation, especially in terms of its practical application in this area, and do its homework, in particular, on technical regulations, standards, conformity assessment, accreditation, metrology and market surveillance. Keywords: free movement of goods; Association Agreement; ACAA Agreement; EU acquis; EU internal market; Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA); customs union.

Eliminating or reducing the negative impact of crisis phenomena on the economic condition of an enterprise and ensuring its further effective development is closely related to the concept of organizational changes. On the one hand, urgent crisis management tools almost always cause such changes. On the other hand, crisis phenomena in the activities of a business entity lead to the need to introduce organizational changes. In this context, it is noted that it is important to diagnose such changes even before their practical implementation begins. This problem is especially relevant when it is necessary to introduce so-called large-scale changes in the context of crisis management. Any mistakes at the beginning most likely will lead to failure to achieve the set goals and to problems in the practical implementation of these changes. Consequently, based on the results of the conducted research, organizational changes in the activities of enterprises in the conditions of crisis management at the beginning are proposed to be diagnosed taking into account four areas that correspond to the PAEI-model of Adizes, well known in the theory and practice. At the same time, it provides for determining the market orientation of organizational changes (proactive nature of organizational changes); the social orientation of organizational changes (integrative nature of organizational changes); the impact of organizational changes on the enterprise administration system (complementary nature of organizational changes); the impact of organizational changes on the operating environment of the enterprise (functional nature of organizational changes). The article offers a method for diagnosing organizational changes in the activities of enterprises in the conditions of crisis management, based on the method of hierarchy analysis (Analytic Hierarchy Process – AHP) and provides for the implementation of such key stages: the formation of an expert group; determining the level of a hierarchical model for diagnosing organizational changes in the conditions of anti-crisis management; studying the essence and characteristics of the proposed organizational changes, so that then diagnose them taking into account the directions of proactive, integrative, functional and complementary nature, using matrices of pairwise comparisons; determining eigenvectors, as well as establishing their normalized values, applying the known geometric mean of the matrix lines; determining the consistency of expert opinions; forming conclusions and recommendations. The possibility of practical use of the proposed method of diagnosing organizational changes in the activities of enterprises in the context of crisis management is confirmed by relevant calculations on the example of several business entities in the Lviv region.

У статті обгрунтовано нагальність на невідкладність вирішення існуючих проблем у роботі митних органів з метою уникнення їхнього несприятливого впливу на різних рівнях національної економіки в умовах європейської та євроатлантичної інтеграції. Запропоновано імплементувати у митній практиці ургентні інструменти як способи термінових та невідкладних дій, котрі спрямовані на вирішення пріоритетних й нагальних проблем митного характеру, усунення або мінімізацію їхнього негативного впливу, передусім, на експортно-імпортні операції підприємств, а також підвищення сприятливості митного обслуговування суб'єктів зовнішньоекономічної діяльності та активізацію міжнародної торгівлі. Ключові засади формування та використання митних ургентних інструментів знайшли відображення в удосконаленій полірівневій моделі, котра в ієрархічній формі окреслює пріоритетні цілі розвитку митної системи держави, залучає ключових стейкхолдерів, обгрунтовує сукупність першочергових способів удосконалення митної діяльності за євроінтеграційним вектором, а також відображає їхній вплив на різних рівнях економіки з метою активізації експортно-імпортної діяльності підприємств. In order to solve urgent problems of the state customs system, which have an adverse effect on various levels of the national economy, inhibiting European integration processes, hindering the development of national and regional economies, creating obstacles to export-import activities, it was improved a multilevel model of formation and use of urgent customs instruments as priority ways to improve customs activities. The proposed model on a hierarchical principle outlines the priority goals of the state customs system, attracts key stakeholders, substantiates a set of priority ways to improve customs activities on the European integration vector, and reflects their impact at different levels of the economy to boost export-import activities. At the mega level the key customs urgent instruments include: development of international customs cooperation (development of the institute of customs attachеs, intensification of participation in diplomatic missions and international customs projects, deepening of cooperation and information exchange with foreign customs authorities, construction of joint checkpoints, etc.). At the macro level they cover: competent development, unification and harmonization of domestic customs legislation with EU standards (improvement of customs post-audit procedures, determination of product code and customs value, Automated risk analysis and management system, Institute of Authorized Economic Operator, New computerized transit system, etc.), development of management functions of customs authorities and increase of financing of their needs, etc. At the meso level the key customs urgent instruments include: timely and transparent implementation of the provisions of customs legislation in the process of realization of customs procedures, development of customs infrastructure, logistics of territorial customs authorities, digitalization of customs operations, etc. At the micro level they cover: development of communication and partnership cooperation with business, customs intermediaries, specialized customs organizations, deepening of information and consulting work, involvement in the development of customs legislation and improvement of customs procedures, etc.

This article considers the conceptual and categorical apparatus on the problem of formation and use of Urgent anti-crisis management tools at enterprises. These tools have been proposed to treat as methods of immediate (urgent) action, which are aimed at removing or reducing the negative effects of crisis phenomena on the economic condition of the enterprise and to ensure its further effective development. The article singles out a number of characteristic features of the mentioned instruments that make it possible to concretize their essence. The paper reflects the relationship of urgent crisis management tools with the concept of crisis, and also reveals the value of these tools in the management of enterprises.

This article discusses the problem of classification and features of the use of urgent instruments of crisis management of enterprises. As a result of this research, the article provides a classification of such tools on a number of classification criteria: existing (source of origin, place in the management system, cost, the scale of changes envisaged in respect of the object, orientation, types of activities addressed by the tools, the conditions of formation and use, key objectives, coverage, subjective composition of the executors) and new (content, level of novelty for the business environment, the level of individualization for the enterprise, the level of formalization of the tool). Developed classification of urgent crisis management tools deepens understanding of such tools, provides their integrity, as well as specifies processes and driving forces of elimination or reduction of negative influence of crisis phenomena on economic situation of enterprise and provision of its further effective development. The classification will help managers at various management levels in the enterprises to understand from which positions and in which directions they can urgently influence the overcoming of crisis phenomena in their organizations.