Sharavan Kumar Pahuja

Background: Magnetic-Resonance guided Focused Ultrasound (FUS) thalamotomy is a new and less invasive surgical technique for treating Parkinson’s disease (PD). During therapy, the required part of the cerebral (as STN, Internal Globus Pallidus, and Ventral Intermediate Nucleus) is ablated with less possibility of infection and brain hemorrhage as it normally happens in invasive procedures. Introduction: New advancement in the technique enable it for transcranial transportation of US. Now a days, US coupling with MRI confirms the accurate energy transferring and monitoring. So, MRI guided FUS lesioning is discovered for various psychiatrics and brain disorders. Methods: A technical overview of non-invasive MRI-FUS thalamotomy to treat various tremors is described here. Research, review articles, and book chapters are extracted from online resources using related search strings from year 1994-2020. Results: MRgFUS is concluded a non-invasive, satisfactory, and safe technique to reduce the tremor. Conclusion: MRgFUS is comparatively a new method that is being explored as a non-invasive cerebral ablation to solve the problems of movement disorder.

Background & Objective: The healthcare applications provide the use of the wireless sensor network and wireless transmission of the physiological data of the patient due to the lack of medical facility. The wireless transmission can be caused due to some losses during the exchange of information. Various techniques are introduced in recent years to overcome these losses. Methods: For the efficient transmission requirements of the biomedical data, various techniques are introduced by different authors. This paper presents a review on the various transmission losses and techniques, in order to overcome these losses in the biomedical field. The authors also provide a comparison of the available transmission techniques and the need for real-time transmission. Results: The different physiological data of the patients is collected by using different medical sensors, which can create congestion, transmission delay and packet loss during transmission. The paper discusses the different congestion avoidance techniques to overcome the transmission loss like transmission delay, packet loss, network load, etc. which provide the minimum error rate during transmission. Conclusion: The healthcare application overcomes the difficulties that occur in the medical field with the use of wireless transmission and wireless sensor networks. The medical sensors collect a vast number of data, which can lead to congestion and other transmission losses in the network. It can affect the receiver's side for detecting the condition. To overcome these problems, different techniques like LACAS, Event to Sink Protocol, Relaxation Theory, etc. are introduced in recent years to enhance network performance.