Héctor Maximino Rodríguez-Magadán

Host defense peptides (HDPs), ancestral effectors of innate immunity, have emerged as pleiotropic regulators transcending their antimicrobial origins. This review critically examines the complex interplay among HDPs, hemostasis, and tissue repair. We analyze molecular mechanisms governing interactions with platelets and endothelial cells, highlighting a fundamental paradigm shift: platelets and megakaryocytes are active synthesizers of a specific peptide repertoire rather than passive carriers. Functional dualities are elucidated, contrasting LL-37-driven platelet agonism via glycoprotein VI (GPVI) against the amyloid-like stabilization of fibrin by defensins. Based on these mechanisms, we propose a framework wherein HDPs function as concentration-dependent molecular switches between physiological repair and pathological thromboinflammation. Furthermore, the review addresses the hypothesis of “adaptive thrombopoiesis,” where systemic peptide surges act as danger signals to reprogram the function of newly formed platelets. Finally, therapeutic implications are evaluated, emphasizing the design of protease-resistant peptidomimetics to harness protective effects while mitigating vascular toxicity.

Parasitosis caused by gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants is a problem that affects production by reducing feed conversion, reducing reproduction, and even causing animal death. This negatively impacts producers' economy, also, there are constant reports of cases of anthelmintic resistance to commercial drugs. The objective was to evaluate the larvicidal effect of an ethanolic extract of Piper auritum and Capsicum annuum on gastrointestinal nematodes in goats under in vitro conditions. Concentrations of 100, 350, 1000, and 3500 µg mL-1 were used with three replicates, with albendazole 2 mg mL-1 and distilled water as controls. ANOVA was used to compare means and Tukey's test for contrast; LC50 and LC90 were estimated with Probit analysis, with significance (≤0.05). In Capsicum annuum concentrations, mortalities were observed (100:63.69%, 350:67.45%, 1,000:76.98% and 3,500:93.82%). In Piper auritum (100:32.76%, 350:34.03%, 1,000:59.69% and 3,500:88.09%). The LD50 of Capsicum annuum extract was 47.16 µg mL-1 and the LD90 was 3,703.09 µg mL-1, while the LD50 of Piper auritum was 457.49 µg mL-1 and LD90 was 7,780.48 µg mL-1. In Piper auritum the presence of flavonoids, coumarins and alkaloids was revealed, as well as the availability of alkaloids, tannins and coumarins in Capsicum annuum. The two extracts showed the same trend, the higher concentration and time, the greater larvicidal effect.

Se evaluó el efecto del consumo de bloques nutricionales (BN) y la sincronización del estro en ovejas criollas Chocholtecas en pastoreo en agostadero. Las ovejas se dividieron en 4 tratamientos, TT: testigo n=9; TC:TT + complementación con BN n=8; TS: TT + sincronización de estros n=8 y TCS:TC+TS n=8. El BN se formuló con 21.43% de proteína cruda y 2.68 Mcal kg-1 EM durante 64 días. La sincronización se realizó con dispositivos intravaginales. Para comparar el peso se utilizó un análisis de varianza con el procedimiento PROC GLM y para el porcentaje de gestación la prueba estadística de Ji-cuadrada (P≤0.05). El consumo promedio por oveja de BN fue de 272 g d-1 y 234 g d-1 para el TS y TSC. El peso vivo fue mayor (P < 0.05) en los TS y TSC respecto al TT. En el porcentaje de gestación no se encontraron diferencias entre los tratamientos (P>0.05).

The aim was to evaluate the changes in oxidative state and chemical composition of orange residues dehydrated and ensiled at different times. Residues of fresh oranges after juice extraction were ground and divided into three parts, the first analyzed while fresh, the second dehydrated and the third ensiled in 7 plastic mini-silos and opened at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 days. Dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, pH, lactic acid, antioxidant capacity, phenols and flavonoids were measured. It was found that stabilization of lactic acid production occurred on day 28 of ensiling. The loss of dry matter and the increase of crude protein occurred from the 7^th day to present later no changes; the process of fermentation during ensilage modified the antioxidant compounds, highlighting the increase (Pth day of ensilage. Regarding dehydration, protocatechuic acid increased, while the other phenolic acids tended to disappear. It is concluded that the dehydration and ensilage of orange residues are dynamic processes that imply changes in the concentration of nutrients and antioxidants.

A study determining microsatellite markers was conducted to compare similarities among three different populations of Macrobrachium tenellum prawns from three different hydrological basins in Oaxaca, Mexico. In total, nine different markers in the population were used, of which six coded for the three populations and three did not. Although different, the three populations are closely genetically related, with an average allele richness from 6.845 to 16.754 and a heterozygosity of 0.166 to 0.264. However, the relationship could be much closer, particularly between them. The possible applications and scope of this knowledge are commented on and discussed.

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las plantas que prefiere consumir el borrego Criollo Chocholteco durante el pastoreo. El trabajo se llevó a cabo en la agencia de San José La estancia, perteneciente al municipio y distrito de Coixtlahuaca, Oaxaca. El estudio fue de tipo observacional, se utilizaron tres minicámaras comerciales y una pila portátil adaptadas a una borrega por medio de un arnés y una cámara Cannon® semiprofesional, una de las cámaras se enfocó hacia la boca del mismo animal y las otras hacia otros animales mientras comían el forraje de su elección. De los videos y fotos tomadas se eligieron las 5 especies más recurrentes, se consultaron los nombres comunes con los pobladores de la región y después se generó la nomenclatura binomial de Linné con apoyo de biólogos especialistas y páginas de la CONABIO (Malezas de México). Se identificaron 4 especies del tipo herbácea: guayabito (Lopezia racemosa), quiebraplato (Ipomoea orizabensis), malva (Malva parviflora), heno (Tillandsia usneoides), y 1 epífita: el trébol o carretillita (Medicago polymorpha). A las plantas identificadas se les realizó un análisis de PC, % materia seca parcial y % de humedad. Siendo la malva la de mayor contenido de PC con un 28.68% y el heno con la de mayor contenido de MS con el 29.5%, y al guayabito con la de mayor cantidad de humedad con el 86.84%. Los agostaderos en la Mixteca Oaxaqueña son de suma importancia para el borrego Criollo, ya que es la única fuente de alimentación mayoritariamente por plantas de tipo herbáceas, presentes principalmente en época de lluvias.

El objetivo fue analizar las características de las unidades de producción familiar ovina de dos municipios de la Mixteca Oaxaqueña teniendo como referencia el sistema de producción, acceso al mercado y el uso del territorio. Se usó una metodología mixta, empleando un cuestionario estructurado donde se analizaron variables de carácter socioeconómico y productivo; y observación participativa en 29 ovinocultores familiares. Los resultados señalan que el 100 % de los productores ven a la ovinocultura como principal fuente de ingresos, 86 % produce bajo un sistema de subsistencia, 100 % emplea la mano de obra familiar, la estrategia alimentaria principal es el pastoreo debido a las características del territorio y el tipo de tenencia de la tierra comunal en un 90 %, la función zootécnica es producción de carne destinada al comercio local y autoconsumo, 83 % de los productores cuentan con corral de encierro construido con material de la región, 86.7 % de los productores mantienen su corral dentro del predio familiar, se aplican escasas medidas de manejo y sanitarias. El análisis de los sistemas productivos permitió identificar formas de gestión de su producción la cual está ligada a los servicios dentro de su territorio, desarrollando una producción de tipo familiar que cumple con funciones económicas, sociales, ambientales y culturales, sin embargo, se cuenta con una baja productividad. Por lo cual, se considera necesario la adopción de tecnología e innovación a través de estrategias y políticas públicas que impulsen el desarrollo rural en zonas marginales tendientes a disminuir el nivel de pobreza e inseguridad alimentaria.

Objective: To establish milk stability using the alcohol test in cows with different feeding strategies in the tropical dairy system. Design/methodology/approach: Ten crossbred Holstein x Zebu cows whose milk frequently tested positive to the alcohol test were housed in individual yards and distributed into two groups. Experiment 1. T1: cows consumed dry Pangola grass (Digitaria eriantha); T2: cows consumed green Maralfalfa grass (Pennisetum violaceum). Forage was provided ad libitum. Experiment 2. T1 cows were supplemented with a concentrate with higher crude protein and metabolizable energy percentage than T2 cows; this percentage was gradually increased up to 4.0 kg. Milk was subjected to alcohol testing. Variance analyzes were performed under categorical data models. Results: Higher percentages of cases that tested positive for alcohol were observed in cows that consumed dry grass than in cows that consumed green grass (PImplications: A balanced diet improves milk stability. Findings/conclusions: The improvement in the cows’ nutritional value decreases the percentage of milk with positive results in the alcohol test.

The objective was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity, glucose and insulin concentration and reproductive performance of ewes supplemented with orange residue prior to insemination. Fifty-five multiparous ewes were divided into two corrals, and 15 unbred ewes were kept individually to measure feed consumption. Two integral diets were administered; T0: control treatment and T1: with 20% of dry matter of orange residue. Ten days after the start of supplementation, the ewes were synchronized. Supplementation was finalized prior to artificial insemination, then, a blood sample was taken to measure the antioxidant capacity and glucose and insulin concentration. An analysis of variance was made to evaluate the effect of treatment on the antioxidant capacity, glucose and insulin; and to analyze the response to estrus, percentage of gestation and prolificity a ji squared test was performed. Of 9 antioxidant compounds found in the orange residue, hesperidin (7.44%), chlorogenic acid (0.50%) and protocatechuic acid had the highest concentration. Feed intake, estrus response, percentage of gestation, antioxidant capacity, and glucose and insulin concentration were not affected by the treatment. It is concluded that inclusion of 20% of orange residue in the diet prior to insemination in ewes is possible.

Objective. To evaluate the reproductive response, metabolic state and body changes in Dorper and Katahdin ewes supplemented with two energy levels prior to insemination. Materials and methods. The animals used in this experiment were 14 Katahdin and 13 Dorper ewes distributed in two treatments, in which estrus had been synchronized. Fourteen days prior to synchronization of estrus, the ewes were distributed in two treatments according to the energy level of the diet, T1:2.0 and T2:2.5 Mcal kg(-1) of ME. Feeding consisted of 14 days of adaptation and 14 of feeding with integral diet. At the start and finish of each study, measurements were made of dorsal fat thickness, area of the rib-eye, body weight and glucose and insulin concentrations. The principal reproductive parameters were measured, such as response to estrus, percentage of gestation and prolificity. Analyses of variance were made along with ji-squared tests to determine the effect of the energy level and genotype. Results. The genotype and energy level did not affect any of the variables measured, although it was found that with both energy levels there was an increase in glucose concentrations, as well as an increase in weight, body fat and area of the rib-eye. Conclusions. Because there was no difference in the reproductive parameters and body changes with feeding in the two energy levels, it is preferable to use the feed with 2.0 Mcal kg(-1) of ME, given that it reduces costs.