Brunno Santos de Freitas Silva

Why This Paper Is Important to Pediatric Dentists: The rapid growth and clinical appearance of pyogenic granuloma (PG) may mimic malignant neoplasms, requiring careful clinical evaluation. PG should be considered in the differential diagnosis of rapidly growing oral masses and distinguished from malignant lesions. Histopathological examination is essential for establishing an accurate diagnosis and guiding appropriate management.

Purpose External apical root resorption is an undesirable outcome of orthodontic treatment. Patients with already existing root resorption who require orthodontic treatment should be carefully evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of apical root resorption and different orthodontic forces on stress and displacement in the tooth and periodontium using a three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis method. Methods Two 3D models of an upper central incisor were constructed based on tomographic images. Two models (original tooth length and an apical resorption of 3 mm) and four types of force application (intrusion, extrusion, tipping, and translation) resulted in eight variations from the two original study factors (apical resorption and orthodontic movement). The mechanical properties, mesh, boundary conditions, and loading were added to the specific finite element analysis software (Ansys, Houston, PA, USA). Orthodontic forces (0.6 N) were applied to the brackets to simulate orthodontic movements. Results Quantitative analysis showed that the highest von Mises tension values were found in the models subjected to translational movement, regardless of the root condition. The values obtained for the displacement of the studied structures did not differ significantly. In a qualitative analysis comparing teeth with and without apical resorption, teeth with apical resorption showed higher stress concentrations in the cortical bone and periodontal ligament. Conclusion Apical resorption did not significantly influence maximum displacement of the involved structures but influenced stress in the periodontal tissues. The translational movement resulted in the highest stress values in the tooth and periodontal tissues.

Background: Breastfeeding provides essential nutrients and benefits for newborns. However, its prolonged duration has raised concerns about potential risks for early childhood caries (ECC).Aim: To determine if prolonged breastfeeding increases the risk of dental caries in children under 71 months.Design: Eligibility criteria included observational studies comparing ECC risk in children breastfed for over 12 months, with no language restrictions. Databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, and others, up to May 17, 2024. Risk of bias was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. Meta‐analyses were performed using a random‐effects model.Results: Twenty‐five studies involving 19 681 participants were included. Studies showed an increased risk of ECC in children breastfed for more than 24 months (RR = 2.44; 95% CI, 1.97 to 3.02). For the 12–24 months period, no significant risk increase was found. Meta‐analyses also indicated higher ECC prevalence with breastfeeding beyond 12 months (OR = 1.86; 95% CI, 1.48 to 2.35).Conclusion: Prolonged breastfeeding beyond 24 months is associated with an increased risk of ECC. This review highlights the need for future studies to address current research limitations and better understand the relationship between prolonged breastfeeding and ECC.Trial Registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42024509212

This case report emphasizes the diagnostic role of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in identifying a rare pediatric case of ameloblastic fibroma (AF), comprising approximately 2% of odontogenic tumors. The 10-year-old patient initially presented with painless left mandibular posterior gingival swelling, resembling radicular or dentigerous cysts in clinical and conventional radiographic assessments. However, CBCT revealed a distinct periapical radiolucency linked to deciduous molar roots and an unerupted premolar, exposing mandibular lingual plate thinning and buccal plate disruption. The lesion extended beyond the unerupted premolar’s enamel-cementum junction, suggesting an odontogenic tumor. Subsequent biopsy and histopathological examination confirmed AF. CBCT played a pivotal role in evaluating the lesion’s interaction with surrounding bone structures, guiding treatment decisions, and contributing to an accurate diagnosis. Successful lesion excision, deciduous tooth extraction, and a disease-free year-long follow-up underscore the significance of enhancing diagnostic precision and managing uncommon odontogenic pathologies like AF.

Background: Several studies have investigated the association between Helicobacter pylori colonization and gastrointestinal malignancies. However, inconsistent results have been found, leaving no clear consensus.Materials and Methods: Umbrella review of meta‐analyses of observational studies aiming to understand the association between Helicobacter pylori colonization and gastrointestinal cancers in humans. MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched from their inception to January 2025. Quality assessment was performed with the AMSTAR 2 tool. The study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024523832).Results: Of 1320 records, 38 meta‐analyses were included, investigating biliary tract, colorectal, oesophageal, gastric, liver and pancreatic cancers. After dealing with primary study overlap and updating meta‐analyses with over 160 studies, Helicobacter pylori was positively associated with biliary tract [OR 2.67 (1.57–4.52)], colorectal [OR 1.40 (1.23–1.60)], gastric [OR 2.10 (1.34–3.31)], liver [OR 5.13 (3.14–8.38)] and pancreatic [OR 1.24 (1.04–1.48)] cancers, while oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) was inversely associated with it [OR .58 (.46–.72)]. The cytotoxic‐associated gene A (CagA) protein was positively associated with biliary [OR 2.19 (1.07–4.50)], colorectal [OR 2.04 (1.47–2.82)], oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma [OR 1.56 (1.30–1.89)] and gastric cancers [OR 2.53 (1.94–3.30)], and inversely associated with EAC [OR .60 (.44–.81)] and pancreatic [OR .85 (.75–.97)] cancers. Our results sprout from mostly critically low‐quality meta‐analyses and moderate to high quality primary studies.Conclusion: Exposure to Helicobacter pylori colonization and its proteins is associated with not only gastric cancer, but also other GI tract cancers. Directionally different results may be seen when specific virulence factors/organ sites are investigated.

Objective: To investigate the clinical manifestations of head and neck cancer in patients with Plummer–Vinson syndrome (PVS) and to assess related oral comorbidities. Materials and Methods: Case reports covering head and neck cancer manifestations in patients diagnosed with PVS were included Studies were identified through seven main electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, LILACS, and LIVIVO), and a search for gray literature was performed using ProQuest Dissertations and Theses and Google Scholar. Independent reviewers applied predefined eligibility criteria in a two‐phase selection process. Results: Out of a total of 19,183 citations identified, seven met the inclusion criteria. Prevalent symptoms included dysphagia and esophageal webs, with atrophic glossitis and angular cheilitis being common oral manifestations. Most patients presented with long‐standing iron deficiency anemia. Head and neck cancers predominantly affected the pharynx and tongue borders, with younger age groups notably affected. The overall risk of bias attributable to the quality of the reports was assessed as “low”. Conclusions: Despite the rarity of PVS‐related head and neck cancer, this review underscores its association, particularly in younger patients. A thorough examination of dysphagia and oral manifestations in PVS patients is crucial for early detection and prevention of head and neck cancer.