Mohamad Jamil Terro

This paper aims to present and discuss phases of planning and designing campuses for Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). The authors argue that creating a taxonomy to control an environment conducive to learning is of the same order of importance as that for education as depicted by Bloom, given the size, financial burden, and influence on learning outcomes. A specific model is proposed for the taxonomy of planning campuses for HEIs with four ordered phases: educational programming, spaces programming, master planning, and detailed design. The researchers followed four methodologies to support the proposed model: A literature review to seek relevant knowledge and terms used in previous studies; a descriptive discussion of the proposed campus planning and design taxonomy model; a survey of experts in educational and campus planning to examine the proposed phases; and, a case study of the campus of Kingdom University in Bahrain where the phases of taxonomy were implemented. This latter case study further exhibits how the executed campus planning process is developed in adherence with state-of-the-art educational demands and trends. This paper is concluded with guidelines of HEIs campus planning as illustrated a diagram for the proposed model of taxonomy showing the process and illustrating the model domains, together with its phases and planning process considerations. The model also analyses the relationship between the domains that are ordered according to the process flow starting with educational programming up to the detailed design phases.

The use of recycled demolished concrete in producing new concrete is an established method to improve sustainability through reducing the environmental impact of using virgin aggregates and through reducing construction waste. Six sigma is a set of tools and strategies for process improvement. In this paper, the six sigma DMAIC methodology is utilized to optimize the design parameters in order to improve and assure the quality of the resulting recycled aggregate concrete. The project aims to produce concrete with compressive strength of 25 MPa without using additives. Five parameters were used in the initial analysis that were reduced to three after refinement. The refined parameters are the ratio of recycled coarse aggregates, the ratio of recycled fine aggregates, and the water/cement ratio. It was concluded that the optimum values for the three parameters are 26%, 30%, and 0.5, in order.

This paper investigates the suitability of using wastewater effluent for mixing in concrete. In particular, the effect of elevated temperatures up to 700°C on the compressive strength of concrete made with treated wastewater has been experimentally studied. The concrete specimens consisted of cubes that were cast using potable water (PW), primary treated wastewater (PTWW), secondary treated wastewater (STWW), and tertiary treated wastewater (TTWW) obtained from a local wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The properties of concrete that were tested consisted of: setting time, compressive strength at ambient and elevated temperatures (up to 700°C), and resistance to corrosion of reinforcing steel. In general, at elevated temperatures, the strength of concrete made with treated wastewater exhibited lower values than concrete made with PW. In summary, tertiary treated wastewater, of the type produced from wastewater treatment plants in Kuwait, is found to be suitable for mixing concrete with no adverse effects.

A strategy using recycled glass as aggregate replacement in concrete is presented in this paper. The properties of fresh and hardened concrete made with fine and coarse crushed glass are presented and discussed. Proportions of 0?100% of crushed glass are implemented in the concrete specimen and the compressive strength up to 700°C is measured. The results indicated that the use of crushed glass in concrete is a viable and effective recycling option, in particular when used in proportions of between 10% and 25% where the compressive strength exhibited higher values than those of normal concrete at ambient and elevated temperatures.

Wave-induced forces applied to offshore structures can be estimated by using either the nonlinear or linear form of Morison's equation. Difficulties in using the nonlinear form of Morison's equation arise from the nonlinear relation between the wave force and the response of the structure in the drag-dominated term. The linear form of Morison's equation simplifies the estimation of the wave-induced forces in offshore structures. For this reason, engineering designers working on large-scale offshore structures rely on the modified linear Morison's equation. In this article, a comparative study of the linear and nonlinear forms of the wave-induced force from Morison's equation is presented. A parametric analysis is conducted using a numerical computer model of an offshore structure to shed light on the difference between the wave forces as estimated by the linear and nonlinear forms of Morison's equation. The difference is clarified by showing the response of a model offshore structure when subjected to these wave forces. A modification to the linear form of Morison's equation is proposed, which gives better estimates of the nonlinear wave-induced forces. Response results obtained using the proposed model are validated against those obtained using the traditional linear and nonlinear forms of the equation.

The flexibility and low damping of the long-span suspended cables in the suspension bridges make them prone to vibrations due to wind and moving loads, which affect the dynamic response of the suspended cables and the bridge deck. This paper shows the design of two control schemes to control the nonlinear vibrations in the suspended cable and the bridge deck due to a vertical load moving on the bridge deck with a constant speed. The first control scheme is an optimal state feedback controller. The second control scheme is a robust state feedback controller, whose design is based on the design of optimal controllers. The proposed controllers, whose design is based on Lyapunov theory, guarantee the asymptotic stability of the system. A vertical cable between the bridge deck and the suspended cable is used to install a hydraulic actuator able to generate the active control force on the bridge deck. The MATLAB software is used to simulate the performance of the system with the designed controllers. The simula...

This paper deals with the control of structures with variable dynamic properties. The variability in the dynamic properties emanates from changes during the lifetime of the structures due to factors such as aging or possible modification. This variability may cause an inappropriate response if we still use the controller designed for the original structure. The control that eliminates the effects of such variability is of interest. Modeling the variable changes as norm-bounded uncertainties, an observer-based controller is designed to robustly stabilize the structure. The conditions that determine the controller are in the linear matrix inequality (LMI) setting, making the results tractable even for high dimension systems. A numerical example is provided to show the effectiveness of the developed approach.