Kacper Nowak

Background: Early reperfusion after ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction is essential for limiting infarct size. However, reperfusion injury can lead to progressive microvascular obstruction (MVO), reducing myocardial blood flow (MBF), aggravating ischemia and myocardial necrosis. We hypothesized that SuperSaturated Oxygen (SSO ₂ ) Therapy may reduce infarct size by alleviating MVO, so we evaluated the effects of SSO ₂ on the time course of MBF and MVO in a preclinical ischemia/reperfusion model. Methods: Twelve swine surviving 90 minutes of balloon‐induced anterior ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction and 15‐minute auto‐reperfusion, were assigned to 120 minutes of SSO ₂ (n=6) or further 120 minutes of auto‐reperfusion (control, n=6). Microspheres were injected into the left ventricle at multiple time points to assess MBF, calculated as the total blood flow within areas at risk normalized to the total flow within remote zones. An angiography‐derived index of microcirculatory resistance was analyzed. MVO and infarct zones were identified using thioflavin‐S and 2,3,5‐triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining and quantified with ImageJ software. Results: SSO ₂ Therapy significantly reduced MVO compared with controls (4.64% versus 13.00% of left ventricular area; P P =0.03). MBF was significantly higher in the SSO ₂ group compared with controls at the end of therapy (1.1 versus 0.59; P =0.03). In the controls, following initial hyperemia, flow decreased significantly at 165, 195, and 225 minutes ( P =0.01). Conversely, the SSO ₂ group showed no significant decrease in MBF in the same interval ( P =0.38). Median angiography‐derived index of microcirculatory resistance values showed a nonsignificant trend of reduced final microvascular resistance in the SSO ₂ group only. Conclusions: In a translational ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction model, SSO ₂ prevented a reduction in MBF during the 120‐minute reperfusion period, with significantly increased MBF at the end of the experiment. MBF improvement was translated to a 64% relative reduction in the extent of MVO, and a 50% relative increase in the myocardial salvage index.

Long-term high fat-carbohydrates diet (HF-CD) contributes to the formation of irreversible changes in the organism that lead to the emergence of civilization diseases. In this study, the impact of three-month high-fat diet on the physical properties of erythrocytes (RBCs) was studied. Furthermore, the biological activity of Cistus incanus L. extracts, plant known with high pro-health potential, in relation to normal and HF-CD RBCs, was determined. Obtained results have shown that, applied HF-CD modified shape, membrane potential and osmotic resistance of erythrocytes causing changes in membrane lipid composition and the distribution of lipids. The impact of HF-CD on physical properties of RBCs along with atherosclerotic lesions of the artery was visible, despite the lack of statistically significant changes in blood morphology and plasma lipid profile. This suggests that erythrocytes may be good markers of obesity-related diseases. The studies of biological activity of Cistus incanus L. extracts have demonstrated that they may ameliorate the effect of HF-CD on erythrocytes through the membrane-modifying and antioxidant activity.

Liposomal technologies are used in order to improve the effectiveness of current therapies or to reduce their negative side effects. However, the liposome–erythrocyte interaction during the intravenous administration of liposomal drug formulations may result in changes within the red blood cells (RBCs). In this study, it was shown that phosphatidylcholine-composed liposomal formulations of Photolon, used as a drug model, significantly influences the transmembrane potential, stiffness, as well as the shape of RBCs. These changes caused decreasing the number of stomatocytes and irregular shapes proportion within the cells exposed to liposomes. Thus, the reduction of anisocytosis was observed. Therefore, some nanodrugs in phosphatidylcholine liposomal formulation may have a beneficial effect on the survival time of erythrocytes.