Thierry Lorey

The extensive color palette of Rosé wines plays a crucial role in sensory evaluation by both professionals and consumers. However, despite efforts toward objective characterization, a standardized color reference for Rosé wine assessment remains largely unexplored. This study introduces a Natural Color System (NCS) Rosé Wine Chart, designed to evaluate typicality and color preference in Rosé wines, including Rosé de Provence. A total of 197 participants, categorized as Professionals ( N = 60), Novices ( N = 64), and Social Drinkers ( N = 63), selected NCS samples that best represented typical and ideal colors for Rosé and Rosé de Provence wines. Results highlighted significant perceptual differences across expertise levels. Professionals exhibited a refined ability to distinguish between Rosé and Rosé de Provence, selecting lighter, less chromatic, and slightly yellower samples for Rosé de Provence compared to Rosé. The difference in preferred color is more subtle, with Rosé's ideal color being only slightly redder than Rosé de Provence. Social Drinkers made similar distinctions between Rosé and Rosé de Provence's typical color, but these are limited to lightness and hue, and no distinction is made between the wines' preferred color. At the group level, Novices made no distinction between Rosé and Rosé de Provence in either typical or ideal color. However, wine knowledge plays a role, as more knowledgeable Novices tend to align with Professionals and Social Drinkers by selecting redder samples for Rosé. Additionally, more knowledgeable Novices tend to select lighter colors with lower chroma for Rosé and Rosé de Provence as their ideal color. By integrating a color‐order system aligned with human perception, this study demonstrates the advantages of the NCS Rosé Wine Chart for quantitative color evaluation. The ability to express wine color representation directly in CIELAB parameters enhances accuracy, standardization, and cross‐industry communication, and by establishing a perceptually relevant framework for Rosé wine assessment, it will bridge analytical color specifications with sensory perception.

In this study, we employ pooled data from four rounds of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) to examine whether, and to what extent, does the incidence of early marriage shape the married women's perspectives on gender preference associated with reproduction. We employ a number of econometric techniques (Probit, OLS, Cox Hazard Model, IV Probit and treatment effects) and a large set of model specifications, and find significant evidence supporting the role of early marriage in perpetuating disproportionate preference for boys. Women who married before turning 18 not only state a greater desire for boys but are also less likely to stop reproduction as long as they do not have a boy. Early-age marriage is associated with 7.7-12.5% higher incidence of fertility discontinuation among women without a son. This son-preferring behaviour is stronger at higher birth order and also reflects in differential spacing patterns. Women's education appears to be the strongest channel through which these effects are mediated. The divergence between early-and late-marrying women appears to have sharpened over time. The findings of this study underscore the role played by early marriage in altering the gender-specific attitudes prevalent in the society, and highlight existing gender inequality traps.

Cet article présente une étude qui vise à identifier les éléments clés d’une éducation réussie des enfants au tourisme durable, à travers leur participation à des mini-clubs dans des centres de vacances. Les mini-clubs semblent être un outil utile et stratégique pour éduquer les jeunes aux questions de développement durable. Les résultats de l’étude montrent que les clubs pour enfants (1) ont réellement le potentiel de transmettre la sensibilisation au développement durable dans le tourisme et (2) sensibilisent au développement durable par des discussions plutôt que par des activités. La principale contribution de cet article est de conceptualiser le rôle des animateurs de clubs pour enfants (qui comprennent les conseillers, les animateurs, les organisateurs d’activités et les dirigeants) en tant qu’éducateurs au développement durable. Ces animateurs pourraient contribuer à la réalisation à long terme des objectifs de développement durable en sensibilisant la jeune génération à ces principes.

In this study, we use comprehensive French consumer data from the Nielsen ScanTrack retailer panel to analyse the progression of purchasing trends of French households during the coronavirus outbreak. Our results are threefold: First, we observe three temporal phases, namely the normal (pre-Covid-19) period, the anticipation period, and the lockdown period. During the three weeks of anticipation (24 February-15 March), sales of basic and cleaning products increased by 17%. The first week of the preventive lockdown saw panic buying with sales jumping by 30%, followed by a more subdued growth during the subsequent weeks of the lockdown. We found these time trends to be similar to those observed in Italy and Spain. Second, sales of the hypermarkets fell by 6% during the lockdown, while those of supermarkets and convenience stores rose by 13% and 28% respectively. Online sales through drive stores (80%) and home delivery (93%) showed the highest growth. Covid-19 appears to have accentuated the joint evolution of two major phenomena: strong development of E-commerce, and the desire of the households to visit small shops close to their homes. Third, in terms of product categories, we observe an increase in basic, easy-to-store food products, an increasing consumption of fresh, local & organic products, a significant increase in the purchase of basic hygiene products, and a decline in the purchase of cosmetics. In the latter case, Covid-19 seems to have accentuated a fundamental trend in household purchases in France: "eat local".

Rosé wine consumption in France has tripled since 1992 and, in 2020, accounts for a third of the total national consumption. The objective of our article is to analyze the revolutionary success of rosé wine in France in the Millennial Generation. We mobilize the concept of social representation, which constitutes an understanding of the social transformations in progress for a given social group. We carry out in-depth qualitative research based on conversations with millennial rosé wine consumers. Our results show that the representations of rosé wine for this group are based on five dimensions: (a) product quality and refusal of sophistication, (b) color of the rosé wine, (c) freedom, (d) immediate pleasure and sharing with friends, and (e) its feminine personality. This transgressive capital explains the consumption behaviors of the Millennial Generation reflecting the group’s will to break traditional wine codes familiar to previous generational groups. This sociocultural model differs from that of the Baby Boomer Generation, which was marked by the valorization of terroir and sophistication and based on masculine archetypes and red wine. Rosé wine thus marks a generational and sociological break in the representations of wine in France, which we can describe as a rosé wine revolution in the 21st century. The predictive capacity of the Millennial Generation suggests a growth in rosé wine consumption in the years to come. We recommend to rosé wine producers seven strategic axes, which reconcile the point of view of the producer and the consumer.