Hyeon-Seok Jeong

We numerically demonstrated switchable metasurfaces using a phase change material, VO${}_2$ by temperature change. The Pancharatnam–Berry metasurface was realized by using an array of Au nanorods on top of a thin VO${}_2$ film above an Au film, where the optical property of the VO${}_2$ film is switched from the insulator phase at low temperature to the metal phase at high temperature. At the optimal structure, polarization conversion efficiency of the normal incident light is about 75% at low temperature while that is less than 0.5% at high temperature in the visible region ($\lambda \sim$ 700 nm). Various functionalities of switchable metasurfaces were demonstrated such as polarization conversion, beam steering, Fourier hologram, and Fresnel hologram. The thin-VO${}_2$-film-based switchable metasurface can be a good candidate for various switchable metasurface devices, for example, temperature dependent optical sensors, beamforming antennas, and display.