Byungsun Yang

Background and objective: Currently, urban parks are important green leisure spaces that play crucial roles in enhancing citizen satisfaction and improving urban living environments. Therefore, this study utilized web crawler technology to collect and analyze user comments from online media platforms to assess visitor satisfaction and points of interest of "Datang Furong Garden" in Xi'an, China.Methods: Through lexical analysis and sentiment classification, we identified tourists' preferences and focal points in terms of time, sentiment categories, and geographic regions and compared the experiential differences between local and non-local visitors.Results: The results showed that tourists were most interested in night scenery. Night scenery elicited positive emotions, whereas ticket prices led to negative emotions. In recent years, tourist interest in night scenery and historical and cultural elements of this site has significantly increased, Local tourists showed a stronger interest in the park's historical and cultural elements, whereas non-local tourists were more attracted to children's facilities and parent-child activities. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the emotional experiences of local and non-local visitors when visiting the park (p = 0.223 > 0.05). Therefore night scenery was the core factor attracting visitors.Conclusion: Night scenery has consistently been the core factor attracting visitors to the park. In the future, further development in historical and cultural aspects is needed. Local tourists are more interested in history, while non-local tourists are more interested in the development of children's facilities. Additionally, the cost-effectiveness of tickets should be improved to enhance visitor satisfaction. There is currently no evidence to suggest that the park discriminates against non-local visitors or engages in any exclusionary practices.

To further explore the scientific research level, research hotspots, and cutting-edge trends in the field of China's ecological security pattern, this paper, based on the China Academic Journal Network Publishing Repository, uses CiteSpace and VOSvie...

Most cities have adopted smart city services to solve urban problems. However, an examination of their operations reveals that many of these services have either been discontinued or have failed to advance further since they were not profitable. Therefore, this study reviews and proposes the business models of smart city services at a fundamental level. It defines and classifies the smart city service focusing on transportation and the components. The business model has been constructed for electric vehicles and autonomous shuttle businesses in terms of transportation services. It found that the model was profitable in each business only when various stakeholders were linked for mutual interests. Since various service stakeholders cooperate in smart city service, if one of them is unable to secure profitability, it is difficult to operate the smart city service fully. Therefore, a detailed review of the business model is required before providing a smart city service.

Increased impervious surfaces due to urbanization have reduced evaporation and infiltration into the soil compared with existing natural water cycle systems, which causes various problems, such as urban floods, landslides, and deterioration of water quality. To effectively solve the urban water cycle issue, green infrastructure using urban green space has emerged to reduce runoff and increase evaporation. It has the advantage of restoring the water cycle system of urban areas by complementing the failure of conventional stormwater treatment systems. However, urban areas under high-density development have limited green space for stormwater treatment. Hence, it is necessary to efficiently utilize street trees and small green spaces to improve the urban water cycle through green space. In this study, we simulated different green space distribution scenarios in the virtual domain to find the optimal strategy of green space planning. Compared to clustered scenarios, dispersed green space distribution scenarios and placing green space downstream were more effective in reducing the runoff amount. The paper provides insights into the considerations for determining green space spatial plan and zoning regulations for stormwater treatment by green infrastructure.

Urban green space plays an important role in treating stormwater. In a highly dense urban environment, it is difficult to create large areas of green space. To utilize green space in urban areas effectively, locating an effective green space type is important. In this study, we examined the effect of green space on runoff reduction by comparing different green space setting scenarios. By changing the green space area ratio, green space structure, street tree type, and rainfall duration and amount, we compared the runoff rates. The results showed that the green space area ratio was more effective when more than 10% of the area was green space, and the runoff reduction rate was decreased more effectively when the tree canopy LAI (leaf area index) value increased from 2 to 2.5 than when the LAI value was higher. Green space was more effective at lower intensities of rainfall events. Different green space structures cause other effects on evaporation and soil infiltration. Each strategy needs to be implemented correctly for green infrastructure policy purposes.

Java uses exceptions to provide elegant error handling capabilities during program execution. However, the presence of exception handlers complicates the job of the just‐in‐time (JIT) compiler, while exceptions are rarely used in most programs. This paper describes two techniques for reducing such complications. First, we delay the translation of an exception handler until the exception really occurs. This on‐demand translation of exception handlers allows more optimizations when translating the main flow, without being hindered by constraints caused by the exception flows. Secondly, for those exceptions that are actually thrown during program execution we insert exception‐type check code and a direct branch to the translated exception handlers. This exception handler prediction is motivated by an observation that frequently thrown exceptions are likely to be handled by the same exception handlers, so this will eliminate the exception processing overhead of the Java virtual machine. Our experiments indicate that the code quality of the main flow is no longer affected by the presence of exception handlers. Also, frequently thrown exceptions can be efficiently handled by the exception handler prediction. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.