Anastasiya Nechaeva

Background: High-grade gliomas pose formidable challenges in neuro-oncology, with a median overall survival (OS) of 12–18 months. Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) offers a minimally invasive cytoreductive option for deep-seated or recurrent tumors, achieving ablation rates of 85–98%. In parallel, artificial intelligence and machine learning are increasingly being applied to neuro-oncology to improve diagnosis, treatment planning, and outcome prediction, although these applications remain largely investigational. Methods: A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. The search terms included “laser interstitial thermotherapy,” “glioblastoma,” and “high-grade glioma”, “machine learning”, “artificial intelligence”. A total of 196 articles were identified. Inclusion criteria comprised primary studies, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews involving human data, with LITT used as a primary or secondary treatment modality. Sixty-nine studies were included in this review, while case reports and animal studies were excluded. Results: LITT represents a precision therapy for inoperable gliomas, achieving ablation rates of 85–98%. For primary glioblastoma, median overall survival (mOS) ranges from 11–16 months, and median progression-free survival (mPFS) from 4–9.5 months. In recurrent glioblastoma, LITT demonstrates a median overall survival ranging from 8.5 to 14.1 months and a median progression-free survival of 3–3.5 months with lower complication rates (5.7% vs. 13.8%) and shorter hospital stays (2.2 vs. 7 days). Overall complication rates range from 20–35%, predominantly due to cerebral edema, which is generally responsive to steroid therapy. Its value may be expanded by machine learning tools that integrate clinical, molecular, and imaging features to support patient selection and predict outcomes, though these remain at the proof-of-concept stage. In addition, LITT may serve as a platform for combination therapies, including immunotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted agents, and radiotherapy. Conclusions: Based on current evidence, LITT demonstrates outcomes that appear favorable in selected patient populations with high-grade gliomas and may be considered as a treatment option for primary tumors with challenging localization, near-spherical geometry, and volumes of approximately 30 cm³. It has a particularly important role in recurrent glioblastomas with similar characteristics, offering efficacy comparable to resection but with an improved safety profile in retrospective comparisons. LITT is evolving from a technically focused ablation method into a data-driven therapeutic platform. Integration with artificial intelligence may improve precision, safety, and personalization, helping define the role of LITT within modern neuro-oncology as higher-quality clinical evidence continues to accumulate.

Inflammatory blood markers are vital for immune responses and predicting cancer outcomes. Their roles in brain gliomas remain unclear. the aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic significance of these markers in patients with gliomas, taking into account various histological subtypes and malignancy grades. Material and Methods . This prospective study enrolled 139 patients with newly diagnosed supratentorial adult-type diffuse gliomas. The cohort was stratified based on tumor grade and genetic mutations, comprising 25 cases of grade 2 diffuse gliomas (of them 7 with oligodendroglioma), 25 cases of gliomas grade 3 (of them 8 with oligodendroglioma) or 4 and 89 patients with glioblastoma. The pre-operative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were calculated. Results. The LMR in the glioma grade 2 group was higher than that in the glioma grade 3, 4 and glioblastoma groups (3.71 vs 3.09 vs 3; pConclusion . Thus, LMR has the potential to serve as a promising, additional, independent of the appointment of corticosteroids, diagnostic biomarker for diffuse gliomas of the adult type. An increase in the malignancy grade is associated with a decrease in LMR. NLR is not a reliable biomarker. Corticosteroids can increase NLR during steroid treatment, potentially affecting its reliability as a biomarker.

Cells of the TMS cell line in the well with the addition of a PES inhibitor on the matrigel matrix.

Analysis of the mass-spectrometry data from isolated lipid rafts.

Preparing a tumor sample for confocal microscopy.

Motility of Hsp70-positive cells in a tumor sample.

List of proteins detected by mass spectrometric analysis of lipid rafts isolated from normal brain tissue (obtained from a patient with epilepsy).

Effect of Hsp70 inhibitors PES and JG-98 on cell viability analyzed using the MTT assay.

Gating of mHsp70High cells (field R2) and mHsp70Low cells (field R3) by FACS.

Characteristics of patients with brain metastases.