Sahar Hammoud

Background: There is a growing imperative for nurses to navigate multicultural healthcare systems and deliver quality, responsive, safe, person-centred care. Accordingly, undergraduate nursing education must be relevant and innovative to provide undergraduate nursing students with meaningful learning opportunities to develop cultural competence. This study aims to assess undergraduate nursing students’ cultural awareness and examine how these perceptions vary according to socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted utilising a valid and standardised tool, the cultural awareness scale (CAS). “One hundred and sixteen” undergraduate nursing students from a higher education institution participated in the study. The Mann–Whitney U test and the Kruskal–Wallis test were used to examine differences in CAS scores across subscales and total scores according to participants’ socio-demographic characteristics. Results: Overall, the CAS results showed students’ level of cultural awareness was moderately high, with slight variations across the four CAS subscales. Participants born in Ireland had higher scores on all subscales compared to participants born outside Ireland, although these differences were not statistically significant. Participants who identified as White scored highest on General Education Experience (64.54 vs 42.66, U = 837, p = 0.002, r = −0.29 ), and Total Awareness (63.32 vs 45.86, U = 939.5, p = 0.012, r = −0.23 ) compared with participants who were categorised as people of colour. Conclusions: The cultural awareness scores in this study were moderately high among undergraduate nursing students, consistent with previous research using the CAS instrument. The findings suggest an association between ethnic background and perceptions of culturally inclusive educational practices and highlight the need for further research to explore these patterns and inform the development of culturally responsive nursing education.

Introduction: With the rise of multidrug-resistant healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and the recent emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), patient and family member engagement in infection control (IC) has gained increased attention. This study aimed to assess the level of education provided to patients and family members on IC measures in Hungary. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 412 patients and family members from seven hospitals in Hungary during the COVID-19 pandemic. A previously developed questionnaire, based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for isolation precautions, specifically the section on patient and family education, was used to assess education on several IC measures. Results: Of the 412 participants, 89.6% were patients, 59.2% were female, and 18.7% were experiencing their first hospital admission. The highest percentages of education were on respiratory hygiene (89.8%), HAIs (82.5%), and hand hygiene (82%). Regression analysis showed that counties were significant predictors of education on nearly all IC measures. Conclusions: This study reveals a high percentage of education on IC measures among patients and family members education in Hungary, in comparison to the existing literature. To sustain this high level of education, it is recommended that Hungarian health authorities incorporate IC patient and family education into the government regulations governing IC practices in hospitals. Additionally, hospitals should foster a more participatory environment for patients and family members in IC.

Background: In recent years, patient and public involvement (PPI) in research has significantly increased; however, the reporting of PPI remains poor. The Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and the Public (GRIPP2) was developed to enhance the quality and consistency of PPI reporting. The objective of this systematic review is to identify the frequency and quality of PPI reporting in patient safety (PS) research using the GRIPP2 checklist. Methods: Searches were performed in Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL from 2018 to December, 2023. Studies on PPI in PS research were included. We included empirical qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods, and case studies. Only articles published in peer-reviewed journals in English were included. The quality of PPI reporting was assessed using the short form of the (GRIPP2-SF) checklist. Results: A total of 8561 studies were retrieved from database searches, updates, and reference checks, of which 82 met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. Major PS topics were related to medication safety, general PS, and fall prevention. Patient representatives, advocates, patient advisory groups, patients, service users, and health consumers were the most involved. The main involvement across the studies was in commenting on or developing research materials. Only 6.1% (n = 5) of the studies reported PPI as per the GRIPP2 checklist. Regarding the quality of reporting following the GRIPP2-SF criteria, our findings show sub-optimal reporting mainly due to failures in: critically reflecting on PPI in the study; reporting the aim of PPI in the study; and reporting the extent to which PPI influenced the study overall. Conclusions: Our review shows a low frequency of PPI reporting in PS research using the GRIPP2 checklist. Furthermore, it reveals a sub-optimal quality in PPI reporting following GRIPP2-SF items. Researchers, funders, publishers, and journals need to promote consistent and transparent PPI reporting following internationally developed reporting guidelines such as the GRIPP2. Evidence-based guidelines for reporting PPI should be encouraged and supported as it helps future researchers to plan and report PPI more effectively. Trial registration: The review protocol is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023450715).

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological chronic disorder that impacts motor and non-motor functions. It has been shown that rhythmic movements reduce PD symptoms. Thus, the aim in this study was to investigate the effect of dancing on PD patients as a non-pharmacological treatment. Material and methods: A quasi-experimental, interventional, follow-up study involved 23 PD patients (average age 62.6±8.8 years): 8 patients in the intervention group (IG) and 15 in the control group (CG). SF-36 and PDQ-39 validated questionnaires were used to collect health status and quality of life (QoL) data. BBT and FSST tests were applied to measure balance and speed. Data was collected from February 2021 to January 2022. Statistical analysis was conducted by IBM SPSS. The significance level was p<0.05. Results: In SF-36, only 13.3% of the patients from the CG and 37.5% from the IG reported very good or good health. However, the difference was not significant (p=0.681). Regarding QoL, the IG had higher mobility (p=0.873), daily activities (p=0.083), well-being (p=0.082), cognition (p=0.335) and communication (p=0.811) than the CG but the results were not significant. Concerning FSST, significant balance differences were found in all trials (FSST trials) (p≤0.001, p=0.035, p≤0.001). BBT improved but not significantly. Conclusions: Dance intervention could improve PD patients’ balance according to the BBT and FSST results. Further studies are needed to prove the dance effect on health status and QoL.

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Background: To our knowledge, there is currently no psychometrically validated Hungarian scale to evaluate nurses’ knowledge about infection prevention and control (IPC) practices. Thus, we aim in this study to assess the validity and reliability of the infection control standardized questionnaire Hungarian version (ICSQ-H). Methods: A cross-sectional, multisite study was conducted among 591 nurses in Hungary. The original ICSQ included 25 questions. First, the questionnaire was translated into Hungarian. Then, content validity was assessed by a committee of four specialists. This was done by calculating the item content validity index and scale content validity index. Afterward, structural validity was evaluated in a two-step process using principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The goodness of fit for the model was measured through fit indices. Convergent validity was assessed by calculating the average variance extracted. Additionally, discriminant validity was evaluated by computing the Spearman correlation coefficient between the factors. Finally, the interitem correlations, the corrected item-total correlations, and the internal consistency were calculated. Results: The content validity of the questionnaire was established with 23 items. The final four-factor ICSQ-H including 10 items showed a good fit model. Convergent validity was met except for the alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) factor, while discriminant validity was met for all factors. The interitem correlations and the corrected item-total correlations were met for all factors, but the internal consistency of ABHR was unsatisfactory due to the low number of items. Conclusions: The results did not support the original three-factor structure of the ICSQ. However, the four-factor ICSQ-H demonstrated an adequate degree of good fit and was found to be reliable. Based on our findings, we believe that the ICSQ-H could pave the way for more research regarding nurses’ IPC knowledge to be conducted in Hungary. Nevertheless, its validation among other healthcare workers is important to tailor effective interventions to enhance knowledge and awareness.

Organizations worldwide utilize the balanced scorecard (BSC) for their performance evaluation (PE). This research aims to provide a tool that engages health care workers (HCWs) in BSC implementation (BSC-HCW1). Additionally, it seeks to translate and validate it at Palestinian hospitals. In a cross-sectional study, 454 questionnaires were retrieved from 14 hospitals. The composite reliability (CR), interitem correlation (IIC), and corrected item total correlation (CITC) were evaluated. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used. In both EFA and CFA, the scale demonstrated a good level of model fit. All the items had loadings greater than 0.50. All factors passed the discriminant validity. Although certain factors’ convergent validity was less than 0.50, their CR, IIC, and CITC were adequate. The final best fit model had nine factors and 28 items in CFA. The BSC-HCW1 is the first self-administered questionnaire to engage HCWs in assessing the BSC dimensions following all applicable rules and regulations. The findings revealed that this instrument’s psychometric characteristics were adequate. Therefore, the BSC-HCW1 can be utilized to evaluate BSC perspectives and dimensions. It will help managers highlight which BSC dimension predicts HCW satisfaction and loyalty and examine differences depending on HCWs’ and hospital characteristics.

Introduction: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic musculoskeletal disease that is associated with mortality, disability, and low quality of life. In Hungary, the number of patients diagnosed with severe knee osteoarthritis is dramatically increasing yearly. Objective: This study aims to assess the quality of life among patients with severe knee osteoarthritis who undergo knee replacement surgery after one month to assess their quality of life (QoL). Material and Method: Ten patients (6 female, 4 male, 70±4 years, 30.7±3.4 kg/m2) with severe knee osteoarthritis were included from an orthopedic clinic in Pécs, Hungary. The SF-36 questionnaire (Hungarian version) was used to assess QoL of the patients one month prior to knee replacement surgery. Results: The participants with severe knee OA reported allow overall average of pain (40.95%), role limitations due to physical health (42.5%), and role limitations due to emotional problems (46.7%) that reduced their QoL. In addition, there are significant differences between women and men in some domains. Women had significantly lower physical functioning and role limitations due to emotional problems than men, by 42.8% (p=0.03) and 73.3% (P=0.005), respectively. Moreover, women had a higher feeling of pain than men; however, the differences was insignificant. Conclusions: Patients with severe knee osteoarthritis have low quality of life and severe pain during daily activities. Furthermore, women with severe knee OA had significantly higher pain and lower quality of life than men due to their emotional status. Further studies with large sample sizes are needed. Received 2022 June 30; Revised 2022 July 15; Accepted 2022 July 21; Available online 2022 June 30; Available print 2022 August 30.

Health care organizations (HCO) did not consider engaging patients in balanced scorecard (BSC) implementations to evaluate their performance. This paper aims to develop an instrument to engage patients in assessing BSC perspectives (BSC-PATIENT) and customize it for Palestinian hospitals. Two panels of experts participated in the item generation of BSC-PATIENT. Translation was performed based on guidelines. Pretesting was performed for 30 patients at one hospital. Then, 1000 patients were recruited at 14 hospitals between January and October 2021. Construct validity was tested through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Additionally, the composite reliability (CR), interitem correlation (IIC), and corrected item total correlation (CITC) were assessed to find redundant and low correlated items. As a result, the scales had a highly adequate model fit in the EFA and CFA. The final best fit model in CFA comprised ten constructs with 36 items. In conclusion, BSC-PATIENT is the first self-administered questionnaire specifically developed to engage patients in BSC and will allow future researchers to evaluate the impact of patient experience on attitudes toward BSC perspectives, as well as to compare the differences based on patient and hospital characteristics.