Yan Chen

Subjected to high-intensity development, enclosed tropical islands frequently face severe spatial resource constraints and acute risks of ecological degradation. To seek a comprehensive solution to multidimensional spatial conflicts, this study selected Hainan Island—a region facing development pressure from the Free Trade Port construction—as the study area. By coupling the XGBoost-SHAP, NSGA-II, and PLUS models, we constructed an integrated modular spatial planning framework of “mechanism interpretation—macro optimization—micro reconstruction”. The main findings are as follows. (1) Over the past 15 years, the fragile ecosystem of the island has faced immense pressure. Lacking an external buffer hinterland, land-use transitions exhibited a distinct chain transmission characteristic of “built-up land occupying agricultural land, and agricultural land squeezing forest”. This internal spatial cascading substitution constituted the core mechanism of ESV decline. (2) The reconstruction of the spatial pattern is governed by dual thresholds of natural constraints and economic pulling. A rigid ecological defense baseline (NDVI ≥ 0.40) restricts disorderly urban sprawl, while spatial inflection points (8.46 km from the coastline and 271 m from roads) precisely delineate the coastal and traffic-oriented agglomeration boundaries for built-up land. (3) Among the predefined scenarios, the Sustainable Development (SD) scenario emerges as the optimal pathway. By proactively reducing inefficient agricultural land space at the macro level and strictly implementing identified threshold controls alongside “infill” urban agglomeration at the micro level, the SD scenario is expected to successfully achieve a Pareto-optimal synergy between socioeconomic growth and the restoration of regional ESV. This study not only establishes an objective benchmark for the refined multi-objective spatial governance of the Hainan Free Trade Port, but also provides a referential planning paradigm for vulnerable enclosed islands globally facing high-intensity anthropogenic stress.

经济全球化背景下，建立更高层级的经济生态系统平衡对于区域协调和可持续发展具有重要意义。论文基于区域层面经济生态系统理论，从系统论视角分析2000—2022年海南岛经济生态系统人口、产业、资源主体耦合协调的时空演化过程并划分类型，采用面板数据回归模型测算经济主体与开放性、稳定性和持续性等社会经济环境因素间的制约关系和作用机制。 结果发现：① 海南岛经济生态系统耦合协调发展经历三次峰—峰周期性波动，由单一极点的空间极化转向多核分布，仅海口处于高度协调状态，中部山区耦合协调路径“锁定”在失调无优势状态，人口子系统相对滞后是主要制约因素。② 社会经济环境中持续性强于稳定性，居民福利、资本投资和教育投入有效促进系统主体耦合协调，而开放性因素作用效果较弱。③ 海南岛经济生态系统形成了动力和整合多层面的作用机制。主体自动力、环境推动力和政策拉动力是系统运行的动力来源，在多重复杂关系中，亟需较强的整合作用进行规范和控制，提高系统动态适应和自校平衡能力。④ 自由贸易港建设中系统新的平衡可通过强化政策调控和制度保障、扩大社会生产、完善公共服务、优化产业结构等途径建立。

A scientific understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on the psychological status of residents is important for improving medical services and responding to public health emergencies. With the help of some of the most popular network communication tools (including Wechat and Weiboand QQ), online questionnaires were completed by South China citizens during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic based on psychological stress theory and using a comprehensive sampling method. Through cooperation with experts from other institutions, the content of the questionnaire was designed to include interviewees’ spatial locations and individual information, identify whether negative emotions were generated, and determine the level of psychological stress and the degree of perception change, etc. According to the data type, mathematical statistics and multiple logistic regression methods were used to examine regional differentiation and influencing factors regarding the psychological stress of residents using 1668 valid questionnaires from 53 municipal administrative units in South China. The results firstly showed that over the whole area there was typical regional differentiation in South China, especially in relation to negative expression and psychological stress, with this feature reflecting the dual urban–rural structure. Secondly, regional differences were obvious. Residents of Hainan showed stronger change of psychological stress than those of the other two provinces. In contrast, Guangdong residents were the least psychological stress, and the concept of a harmonious relationship between human beings and nature was not accepted as well as in the other two provinces. Thirdly, in each province the capital city acted as the regional pole, with greater psychological status. This polarization effect decreased with greater distance, reflecting the theory of growth poles in human geography. Fourthly, gender, education level, occupation, informational correction, and the possibility of infection were notable factors that affected the psychological status of interviewees facing COVID-19. However, the functions were different and were decided by the dependent variable. Lastly, based on conclusions summarized from three perspectives, it was found that regional differentiation, public information, and social structure need to focused upon in order to handle sudden major health issues.