Subramani Supriya

The functional ABO₃ structured materials can be processed by high-temperature sintering methods like conventional solid state, pressure-assisted and liquid phase sintering. It is necessary to adapt energy efficient sintering methods for the improvement of densification and crystalline properties of electroceramics. Among these, a low-temperature pressure-assisted cold sintering method is one of the wise approaches for the fabrication of perovskite-based, ABO₃ type oxide materials. This article aims to explore an in-depth analysis of cold sintering approaches among several ABO₃ structured materials. The cold sintering techniques of various recently emerging perovskites are summarized. The parameters influencing the cold sintering process, low-temperature densification mechanisms, and crystal structure designs were detailed. A comprehensive discussion on the dielectric consolidation principles of few functional perovskites was performed. The advantages & disadvantages of conventional and cold sintering methods were deliberated. It is speculated that energy efficient cold sintering ABO₃ materials will play a vital role in future electronic industries.

Bismuth titanate (Bi₂Ti₂O₇) materials are a novel class of crystalline, electroceramic materials exhibiting symbiotic electrical properties belonging to the pyrochlore type, a realizable, eco-friendly, industrial-scale hybrid material. In-depth research on these materials has gradually increased in recent years to increase electronic applications. This review focuses on the synthesis, phase transition, and dielectric behavior of high-quality bismuth titanate pyrochlore coordinated with several elements through a doping strategy. The unique advances in bismuth titanate pyrochlores and explanations of crystal structure mechanisms were summarized. The anomalous dielectric properties of bismuth titanate pyrochlores and their state-of-the-art progress with significant advances are highlighted. This review aims to identify recent bismuth titanate pyrochlore based on the way of their fabrication. It briefly outlines synthetic methods, dielectric properties, and potential applications of these materials and details upcoming challenges and strategies for the development of these materials. Also, this review elaborates an outline of the bismuth titanate pyrochlore materials as future candidates, which may draw significant attention to practical applications.