Current Organizations / Institutes

The organizations/institutes from the scholar's latest article

Previous Organizations / Institutes

The organizations / institutes from the scholar's other articles in the past ten years


Jennifer Spohrs has a total of 110 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:

  • Birgit Abler

    Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Section Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany

    6 shared publications
  • Birgit Abler

    Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie III, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Deutschland

    4 shared publications
  • Sandra Nickel

    Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie III, Universität Ulm, Deutschland

    4 shared publications
  • Christian Schmahl

    Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim, Deutschland

    3 shared publications
  • Martin Ulrich

    Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Section Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany

    3 shared publications
  • Paul L. Plener

    Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany

    3 shared publications

Latest Publications

  • Open Access

    Die Suizidale Verhaltensstörung bei Jugendlichen mit NSSV– Klinischer Nutzen und Reliabilität

    by Laura Kraus, Inna Kliachko, Birgit Abler, Ulrich W. Ebner-Priemer, Michael Kaess, Michael Koelch, Julian Koenig, Anna Michelsen, Sandra Nickel, Paul Plener, et al.

    Zusammenfassung: Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die suizidale Verhaltensstörung (SVS) wurde als Forschungsdiagnose in das DSM-5 aufgenommen, zu der bislang nur wenige Studien vorliegen. Um die Forschungskriterien vollständig erfassen zu können, wurde innerhalb des Diagnostischen Interviews bei Psychischen Störungen für das Jugendalter (J-DIPS) das Modul „Suizidale Verhaltensstörung“ entwickelt. Fragestellung: Ziel der Studie ist die Erfassung der Interrater-Reliabilität der SVS anhand des strukturierten klinischen Interviews J-DIPS und die Erfassung der Häufigkeit der SVS und komorbiden psychischen Erkrankungen bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen mit nichtsuizidalen Selbstverletzungen sowie die Erfassung der Ausprägung des suizidalen Erlebens und Verhaltens. Methode: Die Stichprobe besteht aus N = 119 Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen, zwischen 15 und 25 Jahren mit nichtsuizidalen Selbstverletzungen gemäß DSM-5, mit denen das J-DIPS durchgeführt wurde. Ergebnisse: Die Interrater-Reliabilität der SVS anhand des J-DIPS kann als sehr gut interpretiert werden. In der Fehleranalyse zeigte sich beim Kriterium A, zur Definition des Suizidversuchs, die geringste Raterinnen-Übereinstimmung. Es lag eine hohe Komorbidität mit SVS vor. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Es kann festgehalten werden, dass eine reliable Erfassung der suizidalen Verhaltensstörung mithilfe des J-DIPS möglich ist. Die Limitationen der SVS schränken den klinischen Nutzen jedoch insbesondere durch das Fehlen valider Aussagen über das aktuelle Risiko ein.

  • Individualisierte VR-Triggerexposition als adjuvante Therapie in der Behandlung von komplexer PTBS – Eine Kasuistik

    by Jennifer Spohrs, Annalisa Degenhard, Julia Winkler, Frank Reuther, Carmen Uhlmann, Bjoern Hossfeld, Stefan Tschoeke

    Zusammenfassung: Es wird der Fall eines Patienten vorgestellt, der durch multiple traumatisierende Erfahrungen in militärischen Auslandseinsätzen und damit verbundenen moralischen Verletzungen an einer komplexen posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung, Entfremdung, erhöhtem Aggressionspotential und insbesondere starken Schuldgefühlen litt. Er nahm an einer Machbarkeits- und Akzeptanzstudie zu individualisierter Virtual Reality-TriggerExposition teil, um an diesen Schuldgefühlen zu arbeiten. Die Vor- und Nachteile dieses adjuvanten Therapieverfahrens werden anschließend diskutiert.

  • Open Access

    Responsible Trauma Research: Designing Effective and Sustainable Virtual Reality Exposure Studies

    by Annalisa Degenhard, Sophia Ppali, Fotis Liarokapis, Enrico Rukzio, Jennifer Spohrs, Stefan Tschoeke


  • Open Access

    Frequency of bullying modulates amygdala response during social exclusion in participants with non-suicidal self-injury

    by Jennifer Spohrs, Birgit Abler, Andreas G. Chioccheti, Ulrich W. Ebner-Priemer, Jörg M. Fegert, Saskia Höper, Tina In-Albon, Michael Kaess, Michael Koelch, Elisa Koenig, et al.

    Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a phenomenon of high worldwide prevalence. Social exclusion as a major form of bullying has been reported to be an important risk factor for NSSI. We investigated how different frequencies of previous bullying experiences affect the neural processing of social exclusion in groups of female adolescents and young adults engaging in NSSI (n = 57), and matched healthy controls (n = 58). The Cyberball paradigm was used to experimentally contrast the neural effects of social exclusion relative to social inclusion. MR-based perfusion imaging measuring changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was served as a marker of functional brain activation. Without considering previous bullying experiences, group comparisons revealed that individuals engaging in NSSI showed greater differential activation of lateral temporal brain regions, anterior hippocampus, and amygdala during social exclusion compared to healthy controls. The frequency of past bullying experiences modulated this activation pattern. Increased differential activation was particularly driven by NSSI individuals with occasional bullying experiences (around 0.5–1 time per month) while NSSI individuals with a higher frequency showed the lowest magnitude of the “exclusion > inclusion” effect. The blunted amygdala activation of NSSI individuals with a higher frequency of bullying experiences could be interpreted as a sign of emotional numbing. Following this putative interpretation, the results suggest that emotional numbing should be given the same attention as increased sensitisation to social exclusion during the treatment of NSSI to promote functional emotion regulation.


  • Open Access

    The role of the endocannabinoid system in the interplay of adverse childhood experiences and interleukin 6 in individuals with borderline personality disorder

    by Jennifer Spohrs, Valentin Kühnle, Stefan O. Reber, David Mikusky, Niklas Sanhüter, Ana Macchia, Sandra Nickel, Birgit Abler

    Rationale: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been identified as a major risk factor for psychiatric disorders from childhood to adult life along with the dysregulation of neuroendocrinological processes mediating stress and inflammation. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has been found to play a putative role in the release of inflammatory cytokines. Objective: We investigated the role of the ECS in the interplay between ACEs and interleukin 6 (IL-6) as an inflammatory marker. Methods: We analysed ACEs (CTQ, Bernstein et al. 2003), plasma IL-6 and endocannabinoid concentrations (anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in a cohort comprising 48 female individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and 31 matched healthy controls (HCs). Results: We found higher IL-6 levels in individuals with BPD compared to HCs and, across all study participants, observed significant positive correlations between AEA, 2-AG and IL-6 levels. CTQ sum scores correlated positively with IL-6 concentrations at a trend level (statistically significant for sexual abuse). Correlations between CTQ sum scores and IL-6 levels were particularly strong in participants with low endocannabinoid levels (lowest three quartiles; n = 57) while in the quartile with the highest endocannabinoid levels ( n = 19), no correlations were evident. Furthermore, an exploratory analysis applying a median split for IL-6 levels revealed that the number of individuals with recent suicide attempts (< 1 month ago) was significantly higher in the high IL-6 levels group (OR = 0.22; 95%CI = 0.06–0.86). Conclusion: Our findings support the bidirectional link between ACEs and immune system alterations and suggest that endocannabinoids may counteract the stress-inflammatory response.


  • Open Access

    The STAR collaborative nonsuicidal self-injury study: methods and sample description of the face-to-face sample

    by Jennifer Spohrs, Anna Michelsen, Birgit Abler, Andreas G. Chioccheti, Ulrich W. Ebner Priemer, Jörg M. Fegert, Saskia Höper, Tina In-Albon, Michael Kaess, Michael Koelch, et al.

    Background: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is highly prevalent in adolescents and young adults worldwide. It is linked to a broad variety of mental disorders and an increased suicide risk. Despite its high prevalence, research on the underlying mechanisms and on potential risk and resilience factors for maintaining or quitting NSSI remains scarce. This manuscript presents an overview of the “Self-injury: Treatment-Assessment-Recovery” (STAR) collaboration, which aimed to address these gaps. Methods: We investigated the natural course of NSSI as well as its social, psychological, and neurobiological predictors (observational study; OS). OS data collection occurred at four timepoints (baseline [T0], 4 [post, T1], 12 [follow-up (FU), T2], and 18 [FU, T3] months after baseline) for the NSSI group, which was compared to a healthy control (HC) group at T0 only. Online self-report was used at all timepoints, while semi-structured interviews (face-to-face (f2f)) were conducted at T0 and T3. At T0 only, we conducted ecological momentary assessment and neurobiological investigations. Here, we present the general methodology and sample characteristics of the completed OS including the f2f subprojects, while other subprojects are not within the scope of this paper. Sample description: The OS sample consists of 343 participants at T0 (180 NSSI, 163 HC). Mean age in the NSSI group (T0) was 18.1 years (SD = 2.09, range: 15–25), gender-related data is available for 166: 156 = female, 7 = male, 3 = transgender, 10 = not disclosed). In the HC group, mean age (T0) was 19.1 years (SD = 2.35, range: 15–25) (142 = female, 21 = male). At T1, 128 (71.11%) of the NSSI participants completed the questionnaires, at T2 125 (69.44%) and at T3 104 (57.78%). In the fMRI subproject, 126 adolescents participated (NSSI = 66, HC = 60, 100% female; mean age (T0): NSSI = 18.10 years, SD = 2.21; HC = 19.08, SD = 2.36). Conclusion: Understanding predictors is of utmost importance for adequate diagnosis and intervention for NSSI. Our OS applied a multimodal investigation of social, psychological, and neurobiological parameters and is the largest sample of adolescents with NSSI to date including follow-up assessments. As health care providers require specific knowledge to develop new treatments, we believe that our in-depth assessments can potentially enhance care for youths engaging in NSSI.


  • Neurophysiologische Korrelate der EMDR-Stimulation

    by Chenoa Wentholt, Denise Jaeschke, Visal Tumani, Kathrin Malejko, Birgit Abler, Jennifer Spohrs

    ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Die posttraumatische Belastungsstörung geht mit starken Beeinträchtigungen und erheblichem Leid für die Betroffenen sowie ökonomischen Folgen für das Individuum und die Gesellschaft einher. Zu den wirksamsten erforschten Behandlungsmethoden zählen die traumafokussierte kognitive Verhaltenstherapie und die Eye-Movement-Desensitization-and-Reprocessing(EMDR)-Technik. Trotz vieler Wirksamkeitsstudien gibt es wenige wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zu den zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen der alternierenden bilateralen Stimulation (ABS), auf denen die EMDR-Methode basiert. Die folgende Arbeit bietet eine Übersicht der Studien, welche die Effekte von EMDR auf neuroanatomische Strukturen, funktionelle Aktivität und Konnektivität, EEG-Aufzeichnungen, Ruhemessungen sowie auf physiologische Marker wie Hautleitfähigkeit und EKG untersuchten. Die Ergebnisse aus Prä-post-Messungen unterstützen die allgemeinen neurokognitiven Annahmen einer Top-down-Zunahme als positiven Wirkmechanismus von EMDR. Die spezifischen Wirkmechanismen der ABS auf neuronaler Ebene bleiben jedoch unklar und weitere Untersuchungen mit größeren Stichproben von PTBS-Patienten sind notwendig, um ein besseres Verständnis der ABS zu erlangen.

  • Open Access

    Plasma Endocannabinoid Levels in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder and Healthy Controls

    by Jennifer Spohrs, Valentin Kühnle, David Mikusky, Niklas Sanhüter, Ana Macchia, Sandra Nickel, Birgit Abler

    Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder and presents a complex therapeutic challenge due to limited treatment modalities. Recent focus has converged on the endocannabinoid system (ECS) as a prospective modulator of psychopathological processes in BPD. To address this hypothesis, we analysed plasma endocannabinoid concentrations, specifically anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), in a cohort of 49 female BPD patients and 32 matched healthy controls (HC). Additionally, we examined the effect of the FAAH polymorphism rs324420 and correlates with psychopathology. The results indicate heightened AEA levels and, by trend, augmented 2-AG levels within the patient group, as compared to the HC group. Significant between group differences in AEA levels were evident in the CC genotype (FAAH_rs324420) but not in A-allele carriers while the commonly observed difference in AEA levels between A-allele carriers as compared to the CC genotype was not evident in patients. An effect of genotype was found with higher ratings of depression (Beck’s depression inventory, BDI-II) in the CC genotype compared to A-allele carriers (FAAH_rs32442), particularly in the patients. Significant alterations in AEA (and by trend in 2-AG) in patients with BPD may relate to compensatory ECS activity. The finding that the effect is most pronounced in CC homozygotes, might point towards a countermeasure to balance physiologically lower baseline AEA levels. The findings warrant further research to develop potentially beneficial psychopharmacological therapies.


  • Multimodaler Ansatz zum Verständnis des Zusammenspiels zwischen dem endokrinen und dem Endocannabinoidsystem, nicht suizidalem selbstverletzendem Verhalten und der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung

    by Jennifer Spohrs, Valentin Kuehnle, Marc D. Ferger, Birgit Abler

    Die Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung (BPS) und, unabhängig davon, nicht suizidales selbstverletzendes Verhalten (NSSV) sind äußerst prävalente psychiatrische Störungsbilder, welche häufig mit weiteren psychischen Komorbiditäten einhergehen. Dennoch gibt es wenige wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zu den zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen, die zudem der Verbesserung derzeitiger Behandlungsmöglichkeiten dienen können. Da Cannabiskonsum häufig zur Selbstmedikation bei Patienten mit BPS und NSSV eingesetzt wird und Cannabismissbrauch vermehrt vorkommt, liegt die Untersuchung des Endocannabinoidsystems (ECS) als potenziellen Modulator der Psychopathologie nahe. Des Weiteren sind die Stressverarbeitung als zugrunde liegender Faktor und die Funktionsfähigkeit des endokrinologischen Systems, welches eine zentrale Rolle in der Entwicklung und Aufrechterhaltung der BPS und NSSV spielt, eng mit dem ECS verbunden, welches unter anderem für die Modulation der Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Nebennierenrinden (HPA)-Achse bekannt ist. Auch wenn mehr Forschung nötig ist, hat das ECS großes Potenzial die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten zu erweitern. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and independently non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are highly prevalent in psychiatric care and often linked to other mental disorders. However, research investigating the underlying neurobiological mechanisms, which could also be beneficial in the enhancement of current treatment options, remains scarce. Since cannabis use as a self-medication and cannabis use disorders are common in patients with BPD and NSSI, investigating the mechanisms of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) as a potential modulator of psychopathology seems plausible. Further, the processing of stress as an underlying factor and the functioning of the endocrinological system, which plays a central role in the development and manifestation of BPD and NSSI, are closely linked to the ECS, which is well known to modulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA)-axis. Even though more research is needed, the ECS might offer great potential to stimulate and expand current treatment options. Article published online: 03 March 2023 © 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany