Vivek Kumar Chandrakumar

The current development in the worldwide construction business has added pressure to use sophisticated building materials that can satisfy building, stability, and sustainability objectives. Tradit...

In this study, a Modified Cellulose Polymer (MCP) was synthesized through selective oxidation in a cellulose polymer utilizing sodium periodate (NaIO4), which introduces benzothiazole as a functional attachment without disrupting the cellulose backbone. Response surface methodology was employed for the adsorption of chromium on MCP, and the process parameters were optimized. Three critical process parameters, particle size (398-498 nm), pH (5-7), and adsorbent dose (20-30 mg/L), were optimized to obtain the optimal response of chromium adsorption using the statistical Box–Behnken design. The experimental data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis. Numerical optimization, utilizing the desirability function, was employed to determine the optimal conditions for maximum chromium ion removal. A two-level fractional factorial model and the Box-Behnken matrix were employed to optimize the batch adsorption parameters for the adsorption of chromium from aqueous solutions by modified cellulose. Under the optimized conditions of pH 6.04 ± 0.05, particle size 485.49 ± 2 nm, and adsorbent dose of 24.14 ± 0.5 mg/L, MCP demonstrated the maximum chromium adsorption capacity with a desirability score of 0.805. The batch adsorption experiments confirmed the efficacy of MCP in removing chromium from aqueous solutions, as evidenced by the close alignment between the predicted adsorption capacity (134.53 ± 1.8 mg/g) and the experimental result (132.52 ± 2,1 mg/g). These findings highlight the potential of MCP as an effective and environmentally friendly adsorbent for industrial water-treatment applications.

The burned clay brick industry produces approximately 360 billion bricks per year, causing major land degradation and unprocessed pollutants. The quantity of bricks necessitates the use of 15,500 hectares of land. The topsoil necessary to produce traditional brick is 2200 m3 / billion bricks per year, whereas only 0.75 hectare of surface of land is needed to produce millions of clayey bricks each year. Another aspect of environmental degradation was its inefficient use of fly ash, which would be created by thermal power stations (TPS). Around 120 million tonnes of fly ash were produced yearly in India through 260 million tonnes of coal (65 percent of India's annual coal production), covering nearly 15,000 hectares of useable land. Apart from fly ash, a variety of materials, such as clay, silica fume, and bottom ash, could be used as pozzolanic materials which react with both the alkaline activator. The influence of chemical activators, their proportioning, curing conditions, and curing time all impact the strength properties for geopolymer materials. As a result, geopolymer development has a wide range of applications. Compressive strength, water absorption, and sulphate attack were all measured on geopolymer concrete mixes. The objective of this investigation findings was compared to the fly ash based geopolymer concrete block made of natural aggregate with different replacement levels of fine aggregate as natural sand, manufactured sand and Ecosand with required mix proportion are all within the IS 15658 guidelines.