Orcial Ceolin Bortolotto

A cigarrinha do milho Dalbulus maidis é atualmente uma das principais pragas da cultura na maioria dos países que cultivam milho. O uso de diferentes tecnologias de aplicação tem sido investigado para maximizar a eficiência de controle da praga. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar a eficiência do drone no manejo desse inseto. O estudo foi conduzido em Ponta Grossa, Paraná, em duas épocas de semeadura. O delineamento utilizado foi em faixas, considerando três tratamentos: o controle (sem inseticida), aplicação com drone e aplicação com pulverizador costal. O inseticida utilizado nas aplicações foi do i.a acefato (970 g/Kg) na dose de 1 kg/ha. A população de cigarrinha foi avaliada quantificando-se o número de indivíduos/cartucho da planta. Esse método foi utilizado em até 5 dias após a aplicação (5DAA). Na fase pré-pendoamento também foi avaliado o teor de clorofila a das plantas. No geral, verificou-se que a eficiência entre os métodos de controle foi semelhante. Quando avaliado o efeito de choque (1 DAA), o drone sempre teve eficácia acima de 70%. Aos 5 DAA a eficácia foi menor. Quando relacionado com a infestação da praga, a infestação nos manejos foi 3 vezes menor do que na testemunha, indicando a eficácia dos manejos. Adicionalmente, verificou-se também que o manejo com drone apresentou teor de clorofila a superior a testemunha, evidenciando melhor qualidade da planta para realização da fotossíntese, logo, maior potencial produtivo. Por fim, o presente estudo é o primeiro a demonstrar que o uso de drones para o manejo da cigarrinha do milho é uma ferramenta eficaz ao produtor.

Industrial seed treatment is a modern agricultural practice that aims to provide protection of seeds and seedlings from pests, diseases, and pathogens in the early stages of crops. The research with wheat cultivars aims to evaluate the effects of industrial seed treatments and their influence on agronomic and morphological traits. A randomized block design was used, arranged in a factorial scheme (10 × 2 × 2), with 10 treatments Imidacloprid; Thiodicarb; Imidacloprid + Thiodicarb; Pyraclostrobin (Thiophanate-methyl + Fipronil); Fluxapyroxad; Fluxapyroxad + Imidacloprid; Fluxapyroxad + Thiodicarb; Fluxapyroxad + Imidacloprid + Thiodicarb; Fluxapyroxad + Pyraclostrobin (Thiophanate-methyl + Fipronil); control (without any product application), two cultivars (TBIO Sossego and ORS 1401), two sowing dates (June and July) and four replicates. The following variables were evaluated: plant stand, number of tillers, hectoliter weight, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield. The means of the variables were subjected to individual variance analysis and grouped by the Scott-Knott test at p ≤ 0.05. Additionally, 15 non-orthogonal contrasts were performed. The neonicotinoid active ingredient in the industrial treatment increased the number of tillers, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield. The carboxamide fungicide, alone or in combination, positively affected the plant stand. Treatment with fungicides or insecticides increases the grain yield of the evaluated cultivars. The agronomic and morphological traits were influenced by the sowing dates, with the second date showing the best grain yield. The TBIO Sossego cultivar showed higher values for plant stand, thousand-grain weight, and grain yield than ORS 1401 under the field conditions evaluated.

The objective of this work was to compare methods of sampling insect pests in wheat (Triticum aestivum) grains stored in bulk. The data were collected in three agricultural seasons (2012, 2016, and 2020), 90 days after phosphine fumigation, in 10 replicates. Three treatments were evaluated: pitfall traps, manual probe, and pneumatic probe. During the entire evaluation period, the manual probe showed an inferior performance in sampling live insect pests. The pneumatic probe is more efficient for the collection of maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais), and the pitfall trap, for capturing the rusty grain beetle (Cryptolestes ferrugineus).

Earwigs are an important group of predators of various pests, including lepidopteran eggs (Pacheco et al., 2021 PACHECO, R.C., SILVA, D.D., MENDES, S.M., LIMA, K.P., FIGUEIREDO, J.E.F. and MARUCCI, R.C., 2021. How omnivory affects the survival and choices of earwig Doru luteipes (Scudder) (Dermaptera: forficulidae). Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia, vol. 83, e243890. http://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.243890. PMid:34133491. http://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.243890... ), caterpillars (Ahissou et al., 2021 AHISSOU, B.R., SAWADOGO, W.M., BONZI, S., SOMDA, I., BOKONON-GANTA, A.H., BAIMEY, H. and VERHEGGEN, F. 2021. Natural enemies of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Burkina Faso. Tropicultura, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 1-21. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4723198. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4723198... ), aphids (Alins et al., 2023 ALINS, G., LORDAN, J., RODRÍGUEZ-GASOL, N., ARNÓ, J. and PEÑALVER-CRUZ, A., 2023. Earwig releases provide accumulative biological control of the woolly apple aphid over the years. Insects, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 890. http://doi.org/10.3390/insects14110890. PMid:37999089. http://doi.org/10.3390/insects14110890... ), and thrips (Silva et al., 2022 SILVA, L.P., SOUZA, I.L., MARUCCI, R.C. and GUZMAN-MARTINEZ, M., 2022. Doru luteipes (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) and Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) as nocturnal and diurnal predators of thrips. Neotropical Entomology, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 263-272. http://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-022-00982-7. PMid:35831705. http://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-022-00982-... ). In corn cultivation, they are the main predators of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) because of their ability to feed on eggs (Pacheco et al., 2021 PACHECO, R.C., SILVA, D.D., MENDES, S.M., LIMA, K.P., FIGUEIREDO, J.E.F. and MARUCCI, R.C., 2021. How omnivory affects the survival and choices of earwig Doru luteipes (Scudder) (Dermaptera: forficulidae). Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia, vol. 83, e243890. http://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.243890. PMid:34133491. http://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.243890... ) and early instar larvae (Ahissou et al., 2021 AHISSOU, B.R., SAWADOGO, W.M., BONZI, S., SOMDA, I., BOKONON-GANTA, A.H., BAIMEY, H. and VERHEGGEN, F. 2021. Natural enemies of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Burkina Faso. Tropicultura, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 1-21. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4723198. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4723198... ).

Leptodelphax maculigera (Stål, 1859 STÅL, C., 1859. Hemiptera: species novasdescripsit. In: O.H.M. KONUNG, ed. Kongliga Svenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa Omkring Jorden. Stockholm: Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien, vol. 4, pp. 219-298. ) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae: Delphacinae: Delphacini) is a new combination of Delphax maculigera (Hemiptera: Delphacidae: Delphacinae: Delphacini), described by Stål, in 1859, from Mauritius (Stål, 1859 STÅL, C., 1859. Hemiptera: species novasdescripsit. In: O.H.M. KONUNG, ed. Kongliga Svenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa Omkring Jorden. Stockholm: Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien, vol. 4, pp. 219-298. ). Other records of this species and specimens of Delphacidae were mainly taken in other islands of the Western Indian Ocean, recognizing the African derivation of delphacid fauna (Fennah, 1964 FENNAH, R.G., 1964. Delphacidae from Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands (Homoptera: fulgoroidea). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, vol. 116, no. 7, pp. 131-150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1964.tb01084.x. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.19... ). The genus Leptodelphax is represented in several countries of Africa, Egypt, Cyprus, Turkey, and Israel (Nast, 1958 NAST, J., 1958. Homopterological Notes XII. On the genus LeptodelphaxHpt. with description of a new species from Madagascar (Delphacidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, vol. 2, no. 35, pp. 887-899. , ¹⁹⁷⁵ NAST, J., 1975. Palaearctic Auchenorrhyncha (Homoptera): an annotated check list. Warsaw: Polish Scientific Publishers, pp. 1-500. ; Fennah, 1964 FENNAH, R.G., 1964. Delphacidae from Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands (Homoptera: fulgoroidea). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, vol. 116, no. 7, pp. 131-150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1964.tb01084.x. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.19... ; Drosopoulos, 1983 DROSOPOULOS, S., 1983. Zoogeographic and ecological relations between the planthopper-fauna of Greece and adjacent countries (Homoptera, Delphacidae). Biologia Gallo-Hellenica, vol. 10, pp. 275-286. ; Bonfils et al., 1994 BONFILS, J., QUILICI, S. and REYNAUD, B., 1994. Les Hémiptères Auchénorrhynques de l’Ile de la Réunion. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 227-240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bsef.1994.17061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bsef.1994.1706... ; Seignobos et al., 1996 SEIGNOBOS, C., DEGUINE, J.P. and ABERLENC, H.P., 1996. Les Mofus et leursinsectes. Journal d’Agriculture Traditionnelle et de Botanique Appliquee, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 125-187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/jatba.1996.3745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/jatba.1996.374... ; Jacquot, 2016 JACQUOT, M., 2016. Biodiversité et fonctionnement écologique des agroécosystèmes à base de manguiers à La Réunion. Saint-Denis: Université de La Réunion, 71 p. Dissertation, Doctoraten Sciences. ). Leptodelphax maculigera was recently recorded in Central-West of Brazil, representing the first report of this species in the American continent (Ferreira et al., 2023 FERREIRA, K.R., BARTLETT, C.R., ASCHE, M., SILVA, L.R.S., MAGALHÃES, V.S. and GONDINHO, K.C.A., 2023. First record of the African species Leptodelphax maculigera (Stål, 1859) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) in Brazil. Neotropical Entomology. In press. http://dx.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2818951/v1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-28189... ).

The whitefly species Bemisia tuberculata and Aleurotrixus aepim (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) are considered important cassava (Manihot esculenta) pests. Leaf color and other morphological characteristics can influence the pest’s interactions with the host plants. Thus, this study aimed to identify the relationship between whitefly occurrence and trichome density and leaf color in different cassava cultivars. The study was conducted in the field during the 2014/2015 and 2016/2017 crop seasons. The whitefly occurrence was surveyed in the cultivars, IAPAR 19, IPR Upira, IPR União, IAC 576-70, IAC 14, IAC 90, Catarina Branca, Santa Helena and Baianinha. The whitefly nymph quantification was correlated with non-glandular trichome density, luminosity (L*) and chroma (a* and b*) of the cassava leaves. IAPAR 19 and IAC 14 were less infested by whitefly nymphs when contrasted with IPR União, IPR Upira and Baianinha, which were the most infested. The lowest B. tuberculata infestations were correlated with lesser trichome density, highest light reflection and highest chroma in the sprout and the plant’s superior third portion leaves. Low A. aepim infestation in both crop seasons made it impossible to verify its correlation with the studied cassava plant characteristics. The cultivars IAPAR 19 and IAC 14 could contribute towards B. tuberculata management in regions with a history of whitefly infestation.

The tobacco budworm Chloridea (Heliothis) virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has been recently reported in corn crops. However, there is no information regarding the biology of this species feeding on corn cobs. Additionally, the relationship between temperature and tobacco budworm feeding habits is important to project the adaptation of the insect in corn crops at different times and regions. This study aimed to investigate the development of C. virescens feeding on corn cobs, under controlled laboratory conditions, at three temperatures (25 ± 1 ºC, 28 ± 1 ºC and 31 ± 1 ºC). Although adult budworms were observed at all temperatures, the larval development period was reduced at 31 ± 1 ºC, resulting in a lower grain consumption. On the other hand, biological parameters such as larval and pupal viability, pupal weight and sex ratio did not vary with temperature. During the adult stage, a similar fecundity was recorded at all temperatures; however, the egg viability was zero. The optimal temperature for the C. virescens development was between 25 ± 1 ºC and 28 ± 1 ºC. The temperature of 31 ± 1 ºC affects the eggs development, preventing the next generation of tobacco budworms.