C. Naga Raju

Indigofera astragalina, a versatile medicinal plant, has gained significant attention because of its rich phytochemical composition and diverse therapeutic properties. I. astragalina contains sterols, phenolics, alkaloids, and flavonoids, making it ideal for a variety of therapeutic purposes. In this review, an in-depth look at the phytoconstituents and their biological activity is presented. The anti-microbial properties of the plant extracts have been demonstrated against drug-resistant Enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to vancomycin and methicillin. Moreover, the plant exhibits moderate to potent anti-protozoal activity against Trypanosoma brucei and weak anti-protozoal activity against Plasmodium falciparum. In various cancer cell lines, astragalin extracts have demonstrated significant cytotoxic effects, suggesting their potential as anti-cancer agents. Due to its high phenolic content, the plant has an antioxidant effect, which has contributed to its traditional use for managing oxidative stress. In addition, I. astragalina is packed with essential amino acids, minerals (such as iron, manganese, and zinc), and vitamins. The comprehensive analysis of I. astragalina emphasizes its important role in drug discovery, nutrition, and healthcare, as well as its tremendous therapeutic potential.

Magnified image A series of novel 2,10‐dichloro‐6‐phenylaminobenzyldibenzo[d,g][1 ,3,6,2]dioxa‐thiaphosphocin 6‐oxides were synthesized in two steps. In the first step, 5,5'‐dichloro‐2.2'‐dihydroxydiphenyl sulphide 1 was reacted with phosphorus tribromide in the presence of triethylamine in dry toluene at room temperature to yield an intermediate, phosphorobromodite 2. In the second step, 2 was treated in situ with aromatic aldehydes 3 and aromatic amines 4 in toluene at retluxing temperature ytelded the title compounds 5a‐h. Their structures were established by analytical, IR, NMR (¹H, ¹³C and ³¹P) and mass spectra. Compounds 5a‐h have been screened for their antimicrobial activity. They exhibited significant antibacterial and antifungal activity.

Several 2-aryloxy-2,3-dihydro-5-thiophenoxy-1H−1,3,2-benzodiazaphosphole 2-oxides 3a-c, trichloromethyl-2,3-dihydro-5-thiophenoxy-1H-1,3,2- benzodiazaphosphole 2-oxide (3d), and 2-chloroethoxy-2,3-dihydro-5-thiophenoxy-1H-1,3,2-benzodiazaphosphole 2-oxide (3e), and 2-alkylcarbamato-2,3-dihydro-5-thiophenoxy-1H-1,3,2-benzodizaphosphole 2-oxides 6have been synthesized from reactions of equimolar quantities of 4-thiophenoxy-1,2-phenylenediamine (1) with various aryl or alkyl phosphorodichloridates 2a-c,e, trichloromethyl-phosphonc dichloride (2d), and dichlorophosphinyl carbamates 5a-e at 50–65 °C in dry toluene in the presence of triethylamine. Substituted ureas of the type RR′P(O)NHC(O)NHR″ 8a,b were obtained via a reaction of 1 with chlorides 7a,b of arylcar-bamidophosphoric acids. Oxidation of a few of the title compounds with H₂O₂ in acetic acid gave the corresponding sulfones 9a-d. IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³CNMR,³¹PNMR, and mass spectral analyses, were collected and analyzed and supported all structures. Some compounds were screened for antifungal activity against Curvularia lunara and Aspergillus niger and for antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Several of the agents exhibited significant activity in the assays.