Peter E. McKenna

Transdermal drug delivery is an alternative route of administration that offers avoidance of the associated drawbacks of orally and parenterally administered hydrophobics. However, owing to the extremely specific set of physicochemical characteristics required for passive transdermal drug permeation, the development of marketed transdermal products containing poorly soluble drugs has been severely limited. Microarray patches (MAPs) are a type of transdermal patch that differ from the traditional patch design due to the presence of tiny, micron-sized needles that permit enhanced drug permeation on their application surface. To date, MAPs have predominantly been used to deliver hydrophilic compounds. However, this work challenges this trend and focuses on the use of MAPs, in combination with commonly utilized solubility-enhancing techniques, to deliver the hydrophobic drug olanzapine (OLP) across the skin. Specifically, cyclodextrin (CD) complexation and particle size reduction were employed in tandem with hydrogel-forming and dissolving MAPs, respectively. In vivo experimentation using a female Sprague-Dawley rat model confirmed the successful delivery of OLP from hydrogel-forming MAPs (C_max = 611.13 ± 153.34 ng/mL, T_max = 2 h) and dissolving MAPs (C_max = 690.56 ± 161.33 ng/mL, T_max = 2 h) in a manner similar to that of oral therapy in terms of the rate and extent of drug absorption, as well as overall drug exposure and bioavailability. This work is the first reported use of polymeric MAPs in combination with the solubility-enhancing techniques of CD complexation and particle size reduction to successfully deliver the poorly soluble drug OLP via the transdermal route. Accordingly, this paper provides significant evidence to support an expansion of the library of molecules amenable to MAP-mediated drug delivery to include those that exhibit poor aqueous solubility.

Implantable drug delivery systems are presented as a potential alternative to current treatments of chronic conditions. The aim of this work was to formulate a subcutaneous implantable device made with prefabricated poly(caprolactone) (PCL) cylinders, loaded with olanzapine (OLZ) as a model drug and cyclodextrin in a mass ratio of 1:1. The final formulation was characterized using optical microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The proposed device was successfully fabricated and demonstrated ability to control drug release for 60 days. With continued development, these novel implants could be an alternative to currently available treatments for schizophrenia.