Saulius Raslanas

Many years of experience show that in most cases the company’s development strategies, which are an essential condition for their competitiveness, have been unsuccessful. The main reason for this situation is that the possibilities of implementing such strategies have not been properly assessed. This is a difficult task, as it includes both internal and external situations of the company, which are reflected by many indicators. The company’s ability to properly evaluate them can be described by the concept of its strategic potential. By its very nature, it is a complex phenomenon, so multi-criteria methods are suitable for quantitative assessment of its condition. Today, they are all based on linear estimation, i.e. the importance of the indicator does not depend on its value. In real life, everything happens non-linearly, so it is appropriate to integrate such an approach into the assessment of the state of socioeconomic phenomena or processes. In this case, the transformed value of the indicator follows a double exponential distribution, which is one of the three limiting cases of the distribution of statistics, corresponding to the curve. The assessment of the strategic potential of four construction companies was carried out based on the known four linear multi-criteria evaluation methods, both those that do not require and those that do require knowledge of the weights of the indicators ‒ sum of places, geometric mean, SAW, TOPSIS and PROETHEE. Non-linear evaluation was carried out in a geometric-analytical way. The obtained results, expressed in ratings, are the same when evaluated by PROMETHEE II and the geometric-analytical method and are equally different compared to the SAW and TOPSIS methods. On the other hand, compared to the PROMETHEE II method, the geometric-analytical method is much simpler and therefore easily automated. In addition, it can be applied in cases where some of the indicator values are negative.

A large amount of natural resources and energy is wasted during and after the building construction process which might cause environmental problems such as climate changes. To achieve higher standards of environmental protection a range of building assessment systems has been established. However, they are mostly connected with the efficiency of an environmental protection and consumption of resources. Only few of them have limited possibilities to assess social and economic sustainability. A sustainable building includes aspects of environment, economy and society and therefore requirements to its assessment systems should be complex. We suggest that sustainability principles i.e., environmental, social and economic sustainability should be estimated in the same equal weightings. The authors of this article created a model for assessing the sustainability for recreational buildings. Our model was created, in collaboration with experts, using breakdown, compensation and AHP methods. The sustainability of Druskininkai Snow Arena (Lithuania) was assessed using sustainability assessment (SA) system based on proposed model.

Aspects of sustainable construction investment and real estate development (CIRED) and their interrelations during the period pre-, intra-, and post-COVID-19, are presented in the research. Applications of the topic model, environmental psychology theory, building life cycle method, and certain elements of bibliometrics, webometrics, article level metrics, altmetrics, and scientometrics make it possible to perform a quantitative analysis on CIRED. The CIRED topic model was developed in seven steps. This paper aims to present a literature review on CIRED throughout the pandemic and to look at the responses from the real estate and construction sector. This sector is a field that appears to be rapidly expanding, judging from the volume of current research papers. This review focuses on last year’s leading peer-reviewed journals. A combination of various keywords was applied for the review and the criteria for paper selections included construction investment, real estate development, civil engineering, COVID-19, and sustainability, as well as residential, industrial, commercial, land, and special purpose real estate, along with their risks, strategies, and trends. The articles reviewed for this paper, which analyzes three hypotheses, look at pre-, intra-, and post-pandemic CIRED. The three hypotheses were validated by analyzing scientific publications from around the world. Two innovative elements make this study stand out among the most advanced research on pre-, intra-, and post-pandemic CIRED. The first of the two innovations is the integrated analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19-related national policies, and business investment strategies relevant to CIRED and the interests of investors as well as on the impact a CIRED policy and investors make on the spread of COVID-19. In addition, this research demonstrates a marked increase in the effectiveness of a CIRED analysis, when the life cycle of a CIRED, the involved stakeholders with their own individual interests, the COVID-19 situation, and the external micro-, meso-, and macro-environments are covered comprehensively as a single entity.

This review presents an analysis of three hypotheses. The articles provide a specific perspective on green housing before, during, and post COVID-19. The validations of these hypotheses were performed by analyzing the scientific literature worldwide and by adding a statistical analysis of appropriate articles from the Scopus database. The purpose of this review is to overview the research written on housing developments during the upsurge of COVID-19 along with the responses from the green building sector, because this field appears to be rapidly emerging by the sheer volume of research studies currently undertaken. Foremost peer-reviewed journals covering construction, urban studies, real estate, energy, civil engineering, buildings, indoor air, management, economics, business, environmental studies, and environmental sciences that were published last year were selected for review. The review was conducted by applying a combination of various keywords and the criteria for paper selection, including sustainable building, green construction, green building, resource-efficient, a building’s lifecycle, COVID-19, energy, water, consumption, health effects, comfort, occupant behaviors, policy, economy, Industry 5.0, energy-efficient retrofitting, and profit. Two, innovative elements in this study stand out when comparing it with the most advanced research on green housing before, during, and after COVID-19. The first innovation relates to the integrated analyses of COVID-19 pandemic, housing policies of countries and cities pertinent to COVID-19 that impact green housing and the wellbeing of their residents as well as the impact made by residents and a housing policy on the dispersion of COVID-19. This research additionally establishes that a green building analysis is markedly more effective when the analysis comprehensively covers the life process of a green building, the participating interest groups that have their own goals they wish to implement, the COVID-19 situation, and the external micro- and macro-level environments as a singular entity.