Gábor Pörzse

Background/Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health challenge, and several lifestyle-related factors associated with later T2DM may already emerge during the secondary school years. Socioeconomic status (SES), nutrition-related behaviors, physical activity, and basic diabetes-related knowledge may shape these early risk-related patterns. This study examined the relationships between SES, adapted FINDRISC-based T2DM-related risk patterns, and diabetes-related knowledge among Hungarian secondary school students aged 16–20 years. Methods: A nationwide, cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among students attending Hungarian Baptist secondary schools (N = 1585). SES was classified by Two-Step cluster analysis based on parental education, parental occupation, number of books in the household, and frequency of travel abroad. Relative T2DM-related risk patterns were described using an age-adapted FINDRISC-based screening approach, and basic diabetes-related knowledge was assessed using a 12-item questionnaire. Associations were examined using cross-tabulation and regression analyses in SPSS version 27.0. Results: Most respondents fell into the lower categories of the adapted FINDRISC-based screening framework, whereas 7.4% were classified into the moderate or high adapted FINDRISC-based screening categories. SES was significantly associated with adapted FINDRISC-based screening categories (p < 0.001). Compared with the medium-SES group, students in the low-SES group had higher odds of belonging to a higher adapted FINDRISC-based screening category (OR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.27–2.57; p = 0.001). SES was also significantly associated with basic diabetes-related knowledge profiles (p = 0.015); students with high SES were less likely to be in the low-knowledge group than in the high-knowledge group (OR = 0.62; p = 0.039). Conclusions: Social inequalities in T2DM-related risk patterns and diabetes-related knowledge are already visible among secondary school students aged 16–20 years. The adapted FINDRISC-based approach may be useful as a school-based, non-invasive descriptive screening framework for characterizing relative T2DM-related risk patterns, but it is not a validated risk prediction instrument for this age group.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common non-communicable chronic diseases worldwide, with risk factors that can appear as early as adolescence. Socioeconomic status (SES), health behaviors, and health literacy determine health outcomes in the long term. Early identification of lifestyle, dietary habits, and diabetes risk in young people is crucial for prevention. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between SES, T2DM risk, and diabetes-related knowledge among Hungarian high school students aged 16–20 years using the FINDRISC (Finnish Diabetes Risk Score) questionnaire adapted for adolescence. Method: A nationwide, cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in Hungarian secondary schools (N=1,585). The SES status of respondents was determined using cluster analysis, and diabetes risk was assessed using a modified, age-adjusted FINDRISC score. Correlations were assessed through cross-tabulation and logistic regression analyses using SPSS version 27.0. Results: The prevalence of moderate to high diabetes risk was 7.3%. Students with low SES were significantly more likely to be classified into higher-risk categories (OR = 2.80; 95% CI: 1.35-5.81). A significant relationship was found between SES and FINDRISC-based risk categories (p<0.001). High-SES students had significantly higher levels of diabetes knowledge (OR = 2.44; p = 0.007). The proportion of correct responses to questions about insulin function and the effects of diet and exercise on blood glucose levels was significantly higher in the group with more favorable social status (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Social differences already influence diabetes risk and health knowledge in adolescence. The adapted FINDRISC is suitable for identifying risk groups. Schools can play a key role in prevention and promoting equal opportunities.

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) offer a unique opportunity for lifelong learning by providing a learning platform for a large and diverse audience. Although their popularity is still growing, industry experts had anticipated a higher level of acceptance than has actually occurred. One possible reason for the slower-than-expected growth is the perceived risk to learners. This study examines the factors influencing MOOC adoption based on perceived risk theory. Using survey-based quantitative analysis (with responses from 300 university students), the authors define four main dimensions of perceived risk: value, non-financial investment, social risk and security. Their findings show that uncertainty about the value offered by MOOCs is one of the most important dimensions in assessing risk. The second most important risk factor is learners’ non-financial investment. The main sources of this investment, time and effort, are finite for learners and thus represent a critical dimension in the educational context of risk research. Social factors also have an impact on perceived risk, albeit to a lesser extent, while security factors do not. The results suggest that MOOC developers and providers play an important role in reducing risks associated with delivery uncertainty and in optimising learners’ time and energy.

Theoretically anchored in the Resource Based View of the firm, this study investigates the effect that customer involvement has on innovation outcomes. Our results, based on structural equation modeling of survey data from 296 Hungarian firms, show that involving customers does not lead directly to better financial incomes, instead the link between innovation performance and customer involvement is mediated by innovation novelty. This finding contributes to a more nuanced understanding of how customer involvement helps innovation outcomes. The findings highlight the role of contingency by showing that differentiation strategy positively, and knowledge sharing negatively moderate the positive effect of customer involvement on innovativeness. The study concludes with valuable theoretical and managerial implications and suggestions for future research.

The power-to-methane technology is promising for long-term, high-capacity energy storage. Currently, there are two different industrial-scale methanation methods: the chemical one (based on the Sabatier reaction) and the biological one (using microorganisms for the conversion). The second method can be used not only to methanize the mixture of pure hydrogen and carbon dioxide but also to methanize the hydrogen and carbon dioxide content of low-quality gases, such as biogas or deponia gas, enriching them to natural gas quality; therefore, the applicability of biomethanation is very wide. In this paper, we present an overview of the existing and planned industrial-scale biomethanation facilities in Europe, as well as review the facilities closed in recent years after successful operation in the light of the scientific and socioeconomic context. To outline key directions for further developments, this paper interconnects biomethanation projects with the competitiveness of the energy sector in Europe for the first time in the literature. The results show that future projects should have an integrative view of electrolysis and biomethanation, as well as hydrogen storage and utilization with carbon capture and utilization (HSU&CCU) to increase sectoral competitiveness by enhanced decarbonization.

Power-to-methane (P2M) technology is expected to have a great impact on the future of the global energy sector. Despite the growing amount of related research, its potential disruptive impact has not been assessed yet. This could significantly influence investment decisions regarding the implementation of the P2M technology. Based on a two-year-long empirical research, the paper focuses on exploring the P2M technology deployment potential in different commercial environments. Results are interpreted within the theoretical framework of disruptiveness. It is concluded that P2M has unique attributes because of renewable gas production, grid balancing, and combined long-term energy storage with decarbonization, which represent substantial innovation. Nevertheless, empirical data suggest that the largest P2M plants can be deployed at industrial facilities where CO₂ can be sourced from flue gas. Therefore, a significant decrease of carbon capture technology related costs could enable the disruption potential of the P2M technology in the future, along with further growth of renewable energy production, decarbonization incentives, and significant support of the regulatory environment.