Fernando Antonio Rosete Vergés

This paper presents the results of the impact of conservation policies on the territory and population of the vaquita marina (Phocoena sinus) in San Felipe, Baja California, one of the fishing communities affected by the 2015 fishing ban. The objective of the study is to identify changes in land cover and land use, as well as in the economic characteristics of the population, complemented by an analysis of local perceptions regarding restrictions on access to coastal fishing. Satellite imagery from 2014 to 2024 was interpreted to identify territorial changes. Additionally, data from the 2010 and 2020 population and housing censuses and hotel occupancy statistics from 2014 to 2019 were analyzed. A survey was conducted to assess the population’s perception of the consequences of the ban and the prohibition of fishing gear. The results include a decrease in the number of permitted boats, greater densification of human settlements, an increase in hotel occupancy, increased participation of women in the labor market, and improvements in housing characteristics and amenities. Five years after the ban was implemented, no negative impact on the population has been identified.

Introducción: En el municipio de Tequila se desarrolla una fuerte actividad de producción y comercialización de la bebida alcohólica tequila, la materia prima para este producto es el agave azul, su proceso de obtención es intensivo, por lo cual se están contaminando y erosionando recursos naturales como el suelo, agua, bosques y montes. Objetivo: demostrar el nivel de sustentabilidad actual del cultivo agave azul en Tequila y cómo coadyuva la política ambiental municipal vigente a su incremento. Metodología: se utilizó el estudio de caso con entrevistas y cuestionarios practicados con actores clave. Resultados: la investigación muestra que la política ambiental ha sido apenas regularmente eficiente en el manejo de suelos y bosques, todos los entrevistados coincidieron en que el principal problema es la falta de eficiencia en el tratamiento y uso del agua. Discusión: se centra en la necesidad de reducir la producción e innovar en los procesos asociados al agave, el problema es que se verían afectados los ingresos de los participantes en la industria. Conclusiones: es necesaria una política ambiental incluyente y eficiente, nutrida de procesos innovativos al tiempo de ser amigable con la inversión en el sector tequilero.

Identifying the main predictors of species’ extinction risk while accounting for the effects of spatial and phylogenetic structures in the data is key to preventing species loss in tropical forests through adequate conservation practices. We recorded 22 705 precise geographical locations of primate occurrence across four major geographic realms (Neotropics, mainland Africa, Madagascar and Asia) to assess predictors of threat status using a novel Bayesian spatio-phylogenetic approach. We estimated the relative contributions of fixed factors (forest amount, body mass, home range, diel activity, locomotion, evolutionary distinctiveness and climatic instability) and random factors (space and phylogeny) to primate extinction risk. Precipitation instability increased the extinction risk in the Neotropics but decreased it in mainland Africa and Madagascar. Forest amount was negatively associated with extinction risk in all realms except Madagascar. Body mass increased the extinction risk in the Neotropics and Madagascar, whereas home range increased the extinction risk in mainland Africa and decreased it in Asia. Evolutionary distinctiveness negatively influenced extinction risk only in mainland Africa. Our findings highlight the importance of climate change mitigation and forest protection strategies. Increasing the protection of large primates and reducing hunting are also essential.

Las áreas naturales protegidas urbanas se encuentran en peligro de perder su función principal, que es el manteni- miento de la biodiversidad, por su aislamiento y las presio- nes que enfrentan al estar inmersas en zonas urbanas. Por ello, es imprescindible comprender las interacciones entre lossistemas sociales y ecológicos que pueden afectar su funcionalidad ecológica. El objetivo de esta investigación fue realizar una evaluación de la aplicación de la norma- tividad ambiental a usuarios en tres Áreas Naturales Pro- tegidas (ANP) en Michoacán, México, así como conocer los cambiosen la cubierta vegetal y usos de suelo dentro de las reservas en los años en los que han estado bajo pro- tección. Para ello, se realizaron entrevistas a actores locales como colonos y usuarios de las áreas de influencia y admi- nistradores de las ANP, y se elaboró un diagnóstico para conocer el nivel deaplicación de las normas ambientales. Para conocer que tanto han sido preservados y restaurados los ecosistemas dentro de las ANP, se realizaron mapasde cambio de la cubierta vegetal y uso de suelo en un periodo de 26 años (1995-2021). Los resultados muestran desco- nocimiento del manejo de lasANP y desapropiación de los pobladores y usuarios. Los administradores reconocen una falta de gobernanza ambiental generalizada, pero rea-lizan un trabajo arduo para procurar su correcto funciona- miento. Los mapas de cambio en dos ANP muestran la diminución de la cubierta forestaly los cuerpos de agua, así como cambios la estructura y composición forestal.

Revista Costas. Revista científica de acceso abierto sobre Gestión Integrada de Zonas Costeras y Marinas.

A supporting study was developed to identify the priority elements for conservation in the region called “Sierra de San Miguelito” (SSM), in the San Luis Potosi State (SLP), Mexico, with the purpose of establishing a federal protected natural area (PNA). The methodological approach used was the integral-spatial analysis applied in territorial planning processes. The study showed that the forests, xerophilous scrubland, and natural grasslands of the SSM present a high biodiversity, an abundance of endemism (27% of species are endemic to the country, n = 285), and protected species (5% of reported species). In addition, 32.74% of vertebrates and 18.32% of flora reported for SLP status is present in SSM, with an area that represents only 1.79% of the state territory. As a result of the study, an area of 109,638.95 ha was proposed to be declared a federally PNA. The area provides environmental services that favor the San Luis Potosí city (SLPc) and the surrounding population; therefore, its conservation will promote the preservation of natural, cultural, and landscape heritage, being a transversal axis for sustainable development in its area of influence. The result was the basis for starting the negotiation process, developed in 2021, for the creation of the PNA.

El presente trabajo busca identificar elementos y características para el establecimiento de estrategias de colaboración interinstitucional e intersectorial a partir del análisis de dos estudios de caso de conservación de la biodiversidad: el Coinbio y el Corredor Biológico Mesoamericano. En ambos casos, resalta la importancia de la adopción local y la implementación transversal, además de que comparten la participación de las comunidades locales y su incorporación a los espacios formales de toma de decisiones, aportando propuestas para resolver problemas ambientales y para el diseño e implementación de políticas públicas relacionadas con el desarrollo regional comunitario, a partir de la colaboración.

Marine Use Planning (MUP) came up formally in Mexico as Environmental Policy Instrument in 1996. Through the National Environmental Policy for Sustainable Development of Oceans and Coast of Mexico issued in 2006, the Environmental and Natural Resources Secretariat (SEMARNAT) of Mexico encourages the formulation of Marine Use Plans. Considering the regional approach of this Plans, the relationships between stakeholders such as Federal and State Government (as public administration) and civil society, are essential in its formulation stages. Under this perspective and based on the learned experiences in the federal administrations (2000-2006 and 2006-2012), a non-exhaustive review on the way these relationships have been developed, and the main problems related to the coordination process between the involved sectors, is presented in this paper. Keywords: State government, federal government, marine use planning, integrated coastal zone management, policy instrument.

The present work raises the importance of land use planning for the global climate change adaptation in coastal municipalities, in particular against the effects caused by natural hazards associated with climate change. The first part presents the current situation of the main land use planning instruments in the coastal municipalities of Mexico, in the second part the current environmental situation in said municipalities is presented, identifying the degree of their transformation, the alteration of the ecosystems in the context of watersheds, the impact on the drainage network and mangrove losses. Under these circumstances, and taking into account that the future climate scenarios indicate an increase in the intensity and frequency of tropical cyclones, most of the coastal municipalities are in a situation of very high to medium vulnerability. The third part of the text presents the concrete action that coastal municipalities can take to be more resilient in the face of the challenges posed by global climate change. These actions can be grouped into four major thematic groups: Implementation of an early warning system based on a municipal information system, conserving the first defense barrier (dunes, mangroves and coastal lagoons) against cyclones and storm tides, decrease the vulnerability of infrastructure, productive systems and population, and restoration and conservation of ecosystems with a productive approach to lessen the impact of extreme events.