Naiara Duarte

Lightning location system (LLS) sensors, which detect and locate atmospheric discharges, are typically powered by cables buried up to one meter underground. Within the LLS community, it is well known that these cables can create spurious magnetic fields, which can in turn adversely impact the sensor measurements and the resulting data. This issue arises from currents induced in the cable shield by the lightning electromagnetic fields that penetrate the ground. The magnetic field generated by these currents lead to “site errors”, causing inaccuracies in estimating the angle of incidence and the peak current of lightning strokes. Although these sensor-specific errors can be partially corrected, a better understanding of the coupling mechanism between the lightning electromagnetic field and the cable could help in minimizing the site errors. This study presents an analysis of the lightning electromagnetic field interaction with cables and examines the influence of various ground and cable properties on this interaction. This work represents a first step toward understanding the physical mechanism leading to LLS sensor site errors. Considering simplified scenarios involving a single insulated or bare conductor, this work provides practical insights that LLS operators can use to estimate worst-case site errors for a provisioned sensor site. Additionally, we show that some site errors observed in operational sensors can be successfully reproduced with good agreement using the proposed approach.

Lightning location system (LLS) sensors, which detect and locate atmospheric discharges, are typically powered by cables buried up to one meter underground. Within the LLS community, it is well known that these cables can create spurious magnetic fields, which can in turn adversely impact the sensor measurements and the resulting data. This issue arises from currents induced in the cable shield by the lightning electromagnetic fields that penetrate the ground. The magnetic field generated by these currents lead to "site errors," causing inaccuracies in estimating the angle of incidence and the peak current of lightning strokes. Although these sensor-specific errors can be partially corrected, a better understanding of the coupling mechanism between the lightning electromagnetic field and the cable could help in minimizing the site errors. This study presents an analysis of the lightning electromagnetic field interaction with cables and examines the influence of various ground and cable properties on this interaction. This work represents a first step toward understanding the physical mechanism leading to LLS sensor site errors. Considering simplified scenarios involving a single insulated or bare conductor, this work provides practical insights that LLS operators can use to estimate worst-case site errors for a provisioned sensor site. Additionally, we show that some site errors observed in operational sensors can be successfully reproduced with good agreement using the proposed approach.

Lightning location system (LLS) sensors, which detect and locate atmospheric discharges, are typically powered by cables buried up to one meter underground. Within the LLS community, it is well known that these cables can create spurious magnetic fields, which can in turn adversely impact the sensor measurements and the resulting data. This issue arises from currents induced in the cable shield by the lightning electromagnetic fields that penetrate the ground. The magnetic field generated by these currents lead to "site errors," causing inaccuracies in estimating the angle of incidence and the peak current of lightning strokes. Although these sensor-specific errors can be partially corrected, a better understanding of the coupling mechanism between the lightning electromagnetic field and the cable could help in minimizing the site errors. This study presents an analysis of the lightning electromagnetic field interaction with cables and examines the influence of various ground and cable properties on this interaction. This work represents a first step toward understanding the physical mechanism leading to LLS sensor site errors. Considering simplified scenarios involving a single insulated or bare conductor, this work provides practical insights that LLS operators can use to estimate worst-case site errors for a provisioned sensor site. Additionally, we show that some site errors observed in operational sensors can be successfully reproduced with good agreement using the proposed approach.

Lightning location system (LLS) sensors, which detect and locate atmospheric discharges, are typically powered by cables buried up to one meter underground. Within the LLS community, it is well known that these cables can create spurious magnetic fields, which can in turn adversely impact the sensor measurements and the resulting data. This issue arises from currents induced in the cable shield by the lightning electromagnetic fields that penetrate the ground. The magnetic field generated by these currents lead to "site errors," causing inaccuracies in estimating the angle of incidence and the peak current of lightning strokes. Although these sensor-specific errors can be partially corrected, a better understanding of the coupling mechanism between the lightning electromagnetic field and the cable could help in minimizing the site errors. This study presents an analysis of the lightning electromagnetic field interaction with cables and examines the influence of various ground and cable properties on this interaction. This work represents a first step toward understanding the physical mechanism leading to LLS sensor site errors. Considering simplified scenarios involving a single insulated or bare conductor, this work provides practical insights that LLS operators can use to estimate worst-case site errors for a provisioned sensor site. Additionally, we show that some site errors observed in operational sensors can be successfully reproduced with good agreement using the proposed approach.

Lightning location system (LLS) sensors, which detect and locate atmospheric discharges, are typically powered by cables buried up to one meter underground. Within the LLS community, it is well known that these cables can create spurious magnetic fields, which can in turn adversely impact the sensor measurements and the resulting data. This issue arises from currents induced in the cable shield by the lightning electromagnetic fields that penetrate the ground. The magnetic field generated by these currents lead to "site errors," causing inaccuracies in estimating the angle of incidence and the peak current of lightning strokes. Although these sensor-specific errors can be partially corrected, a better understanding of the coupling mechanism between the lightning electromagnetic field and the cable could help in minimizing the site errors. This study presents an analysis of the lightning electromagnetic field interaction with cables and examines the influence of various ground and cable properties on this interaction. This work represents a first step toward understanding the physical mechanism leading to LLS sensor site errors. Considering simplified scenarios involving a single insulated or bare conductor, this work provides practical insights that LLS operators can use to estimate worst-case site errors for a provisioned sensor site. Additionally, we show that some site errors observed in operational sensors can be successfully reproduced with good agreement using the proposed approach.

Lightning location system (LLS) sensors, which detect and locate atmospheric discharges, are typically powered by cables buried up to one meter underground. Within the LLS community, it is well known that these cables can create spurious magnetic fields, which can in turn adversely impact the sensor measurements and the resulting data. This issue arises from currents induced in the cable shield by the lightning electromagnetic fields that penetrate the ground. The magnetic field generated by these currents lead to "site errors," causing inaccuracies in estimating the angle of incidence and the peak current of lightning strokes. Although these sensor-specific errors can be partially corrected, a better understanding of the coupling mechanism between the lightning electromagnetic field and the cable could help in minimizing the site errors. This study presents an analysis of the lightning electromagnetic field interaction with cables and examines the influence of various ground and cable properties on this interaction. This work represents a first step toward understanding the physical mechanism leading to LLS sensor site errors. Considering simplified scenarios involving a single insulated or bare conductor, this work provides practical insights that LLS operators can use to estimate worst-case site errors for a provisioned sensor site. Additionally, we show that some site errors observed in operational sensors can be successfully reproduced with good agreement using the proposed approach.

In recent years, the electromagnetic time reversal (EMTR) theory has been successfully applied for locating various sources of disturbances, such as short-circuit faults, in power systems. In this paper, a theoretical analysis of the feasibility of applying EMTR to locate defects (corrosion and break points) in grounding systems is presented. An EMTR algorithm to locate faults in buried grounding wires is proposed and a comprehensive analysis with respect to some salient influencing parameters, for instance, the ground conductivity, medium losses, the defect location and type (soft or hard), is carried out. According to the obtained results, the proposed method appears to be very promising for real applications. The need for experimental validation to confirm the applicability of this method is emphasized.

This paper proposes closed-form expressions for the calculation of the ground-return-impedance and admittance of underground cables. The proposed expressions are shown to reproduce the integral equations of Xue with great accuracy for a wide range of ground resistivities and frequencies. An error analysis, a comparison with closed-form expressions available in the literature, and time-domain simulations demonstrate the performance of the proposed equations, which avoid the calculation of improper integrals and present an accurate performance for typical cable arrangements.