Viktor Smyrnov

In the context of intensifying global climate change, the hydrological system of moderately continental and arid regions exhibits extreme sensitivity. The atmospheric rainfall regime is used as a key proxy indicator to assess this vulnerability, as the deficit of atmospheric moisture and shifts in precipitation patterns directly threaten regional water resources secu-rity. This study aims to quantitatively analyze the long-term shifts in the rainfall regime within Mykolaiv region and de-termine their direct contribution to escalating hydrological vulnerability. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive environ-mental monitoring approach was employed, involving the analysis of multi-year meteorological data from 1980 to 2024, supplemented by information from geographical databases (e.g., Google Earth Engine) and official regional environ-mental reports. Statistical analysis methods were utilized. A detailed analysis was performed on the seasonal redistribu-tion, frequency, and intensity of precipitation. The analysis established that the Mykolaiv region, Ukraine, is character-ized by a persistent atmospheric precipitation deficit, with average annual figures critically ranging between 409 and 469 mm. The main climate factors driving hydrological vulnerability are not merely the total quantity, but the significant shifts in the pattern of fallout. Firstly, there is a clear seasonal imbalance, disrupting the region's natural hydrological cy-cle. Secondly, an increase in intense, short-duration storm events has been recorded. This diminishes the effectiveness of soil moisture penetration and generates rapid surface runoff, paradoxically increasing the risks of both soil drought and flash flooding. Finally, the calculation of the GTC consistently demonstrates the predominance of very dry and moder-ately dry conditions over many years, unequivocally confirming a clear tendency towards aridification (desertification) in the southern districts. Thus, these quantitative and qualitative changes in the rainfall regime serve as a direct and relia-ble indicator of the region's increasing hydrological vulnerability. These shifts negatively impact the stability of aquatic ecosystems, notably leading to the shallowness of the Southern Buh River, and necessitate the urgent development of integrated adaptation strategies to enhance water resilience.

The comparative analysis of environmental quality standards covers the assessment and comparison of standards and requirements established for environmental protection in Ukraine and EU countries. It covers various environmental objects such as air and water.The purpose of the study was to determine the key indicators of environmental quality and compare the standards of atmospheric air and water quality that operate in the EU countries and Ukraine.Research materials and methods. Atmospheric air and water quality standards, which are in force in the EU countries and Ukraine, were chosen as the subject of the study. The research materials are normative legal documents of Ukraine and the EU. The research methods were comparative analysis of maximum permissible concentrations of chemical substances, system analysis and the method of analogies.Research results. It was determined that for determining the quality of atmospheric air, the indicators of maximum permissible concentrations of pollutants are, in most cases, stricter, however, for example, for ozone, the quality standard in the EU is stricter for EU countries. At the same time, the main air quality index in EU countries is an integrated indicator - air quality index.For aquatic ecosystems, a comparative analysis of surface water quality standards introduced in Ukraine, EU countries and the USA (using the example of the state of Ohio) for many quality components, the EU and USA standards are stricter, especially for indicators such as: BOD, COD, chlorides, sulfates, phosphates, nitrates, nitrites, ammonium, chromium, mercury, petroleum products. However, according to indicators such as mineralization and copper, quality standards in Ukraine are stricter. There are almost identical requirements for such integrated quality indicators as pH and hardness.

The development of hydrochemical passports for rivers represents a key step toward better understanding and managing water resources in Ukraine. The objective of this research is to assess the state of surface waters and forecast changes in the water area of the city of Mykolaiv. This is...

The study is dedicated dynamics of groundwater quality in the Mykolaiv region (Ukraine) during the period from 2021 to 2024. It was determined that the concentration of chlorides, sulfates, and mineralization in water in 2022 increased by 2-3 times (1190 mg/dm3) compared to 2021 (453 mg/dm3),...

The study of the soil cover of urban landscapes of the Mykolaiv industrial-urban agglomeration, which is a complex multifunctional system, was carried out. A sampling strategy was developed and the sources of pollution were analyzed, taking into account the areas of intensive bombing and...

Purpose is determination of interdependencies between hydrochemical indicators of surface water quality in the example of a small river as a limiting factor of formation of aquatic ecosystem of territories. Correlation analyses of the studied indicators of water quality was conducted on an average value of each indicator (pH, phosphates, nitrates, BOD, COD, soluble oxygen). Found a significant increase in phosphates with time, with a coefficient of correlation R=0.71, indicating contamination of the water facility. This can be explained by the arrival of various surface-active substances and, to a lesser extent, the lack of quality sewage treatment facilities. Positive changes are founded in water object that is related to a decrease in the value of BOD. This is due to a decrease in the use of oxygen on oxidation of inorganic and organic substances. In general, the use of river runoff of the river above normal, and the overall environmental state of river basin is defined as "extremely poor".

Purpose. To determine the key principles of environmental security of aquatic ecosystems in the context of sustainable use of natural resources and socio-economic development. Methodology. Comparative analysis and systematic approach. Findings. Principal aspects of water resources management in the states of the world are analyzed in the context of the provisions of the sustainable development concept. Comparison of countries with different levels of development has allowed identifying key methodological provisions that are implemented in the environmental policy ofwater. An approach to determination of the limiting indices of the impact on the environment is proposed. It was revealed that most post-Soviet countries do not use the concept of ecological system and ecosystem services in their legislative framework, which today are an integral part of the environmental policy and legislation of developed countries. The basic principles of the ecological safety of aquatic ecosystems are as follows: a water body (surface or underground ones) is a complex, functionally integrated and self-regulating ecological system. It cannot be considered as a volume with a resource for biological and amenity needs; priority in the water use should be given to the living components that exist in it and ensure its functional integrity. Any aquatic ecosystem should be economically assessed not only in terms of available water resources, but also considering other ecosystem services, particularly, the diversity of its biotic components. All these principles and the approach presented, if introduced into domestic legislation, will allow achieving progress in the field of ecological safety of aquatic ecosystems and sustainable social economic development. Originality. An approach has been improved which determines the efficiency of environmental policy in the field of water resources safety through a correlation analysis of water consumption and population size. Practical value. The research results allow for quantitative assessment of water resource management. The results of the study on the influence of the factor of freshwater resources on the socio-economic development of countries and regions of the world suggest that there is a strong statistically significant correlation in this system of connections.