Mohammad Reza Razzaghi

Introduction: Efficacy of conjugated photodynamic therapy (PDT)/chemotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer is summarized in this review. Alternative chemo drugs (CDs) and photosensitizers (PSs) are irradiated with lasers at various wavelengths to verify the toxicity of photo-stimulated compounds. Methods: The conducted studies on conjugated photodynamic and chemotherapy treatment of breast cancer across three phases (in vitro, in vivo and clinical) from 2014 to 2025 are summarized in this review. Articles on laser-activated therapies are evaluated, and irrelevant studies have been omitted. The records are sorted based on CD/PS typ laser irradiation wavelength, and energy. Results: Synergic PDT+chemotherapy is a promising method for breast cancer treatment according to in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. Nevertheless, the clinical translation of the conjugated approach still meets unresolved issues, including long-term safety, limited selectivity, and biodistribution challenges. Conclusion: The hybrid treatment exhibits superior advantages in tumor shrinkage, high selectivity, inhibition of malignant cells, overcoming drug resistance, and metastasis control. Furthermore, the conjugate treatments mitigate the side effects of high-dosage chemotherapy.

Introduction: Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is a challenging male infertility disorder with limited treatment options. This study investigated the efficacy of novel reconstructive approaches, specifically platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), with and without laser needling, in improving testicular function and sperm retrieval in patients with NOA. Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 40 men with NOA were divided into two groups: PRF + laser and PRF alone. Semen parameters (volume, concentration, motility, morphology, DNA fragmentation), hormone levels (FSH, LH, testosterone), and testicular volume were assessed at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and at one and three months. Results: Sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and DNA fragmentation rates showed no significant intergroup differences. While semen volume increased within groups post-intervention (P=0.039), this change was not significant between groups (P>0.05). No serious complications were reported. Conclusion: In summary, this study found that PRF injection, with or without laser-acupuncture, did not significantly improve sperm parameters in NOA patients in the short term. Further research with larger cohorts, extended follow-up, and precise patient selection is needed.

Introduction: Over the past decade, energy-based therapies have been introduced as non-invasive and restorative treatment modalities for erectile dysfunction. Furthermore, previous studies have shown the efficacy of penile vibratory stimulation and photobiomodulation in treating erectile dysfunction. Integrating these therapeutic approaches, which are employed simultaneously in the Vibradiofotology technology, may lead to achieving better outcomes in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Vibradiofotology technology delivered via the Erectofix device in patients with erectile dysfunction. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, fifty-five patients diagnosed with erectile dysfunction were included. The patients were assigned to either the control group or the intervention group. In the intervention group, the patients received treatment with the Erectofix device for five sessions. Each session lasted 45 minutes and was administered once a week. Meanwhile, the control group received oral medication along with sham laser treatment. Results: Among the fifty-five patients included in the study, 27 were assigned to the intervention group and 28 to the control group. The intervention group showed a significant improvement in each domain of the IIEF score compared to the control group. The erectile function showed a significantly greater increase in IIEF scores in the intervention group (19.59±5.57) compared to the control group (7.39±2.23; P<0.001). Furthermore, significant improvements were observed in orgasmic function, sexual desire, intercourse satisfaction, and overall satisfaction in the intervention group. Conclusion: Vibradiofotology technology, which integrates different therapeutic approaches, may be a safe treatment option for erectile dysfunction. Improvements in IIEF scores, patients’ overall satisfaction, and erectile function can be promising in the efficacy of this modality. Nevertheless, due to the limitations of the present study, further research is required to investigate the potential benefits of this novel modality in improving patients’ quality of life.

The thermal conductivity of a biological tissue, which depends on the tissue’s molecular structure, provides crucial insights into its physiological function. Furthermore, various medical diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are based on the tissue’s thermal properties. Here, we have employed the photothermal shadowgraph technique, an optical method to measure the tissue’s thermal conductivity and diffusivity. In this regard, five distinct tissues extracted from three Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) male mice were examined. We investigated the quantitative impact of different nanoparticles (NPs) present within the tissues on the thermal conductivity. The findings reveal a strong agreement between the measured values of the thermal conductivity and diffusivity obtained through the photothermal shadowgraph technique and those obtained using other methods. Additionally, the results indicate that Au, ZnO, and CaCO3 significantly enhance the thermal conductivity of the tissues by 4, 2, and 2 times, respectively. The TiO2 and Al2O3 exhibited no discernible impact on the thermal conductivity of the tissue. Consequently, we can infer that the photothermal shadowgraph technique offers a contactless, quick, precise, and accurate method for determining the thermal properties of samples from biological tissues obviating the need for complicated instrumentations or a specific sample preparation procedure.

Background: The symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) range from asymptomatic to severe respiratory distress or death. Reviews on potential COVID-19 treatments show no established therapy. Photobiomodulation can help in reducing inflammation and speed up tissue repair. In addition, due to its few side effects, it appears to be effective in restricting COVID-19. Therefore, it was decided to use this method in disease control to achieve the systemic impact of intravascular photobiomodulation therapy in this study. Methods: A total of 60 patients were randomly divided into three groups of 20 subjects: A control group that received common treatments for COVID-19, a group treated with a low-power gallium arsenide laser diode (660 nm) with an output dose of 2 J/cm2 for 7 minutes and 5 days in a row in addition to standard treatments, and another group that received common treatments with the same laser dose at the same time as the first group with a low-power diode laser (450 nm). Laboratory data and clinical criteria between groups were compared before and after the treatment. Results: An increase in O2 and partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) was significant in the two laser therapy groups (P < 0.05). In addition, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) decreased significantly in the blue laser group (mean difference = -1.44 ± 12.72). The COP score was reduced in all groups; however, only in the blue laser group the reduction in COP score was significant (P < 0.05). In the blue laser group, the COP score before and after the treatment was reduced. Conclusions: The use of an intravenous laser with red and blue wavelength with an output dose of 2 J/cm2 for 7 minutes and 5 days in a row, in addition to standard treatments, showed the improvement of oxygenation (O2 and PO2 in arterial blood gas [ABG]) and the reduction of inflammatory factors (erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] and C-reactive protein [CRP]) and COP scores. However, further extensive studies are needed to prove the therapeutic effects of intravenous lasers, along with the usual treatments for COVID-19.

Mohammadreza Razzaghi, Zahra Akbari, Soheila Mokmeli, Zahra Razzaghi, Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani, Maryam Afzalimehr, Ehsan Kamani. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2023;16:255-62. https://doi.org/10.51507/j.jams.2023.16.6.255

Introduction: Many studies have recognized the importance of new methods in wound healing. This study aims to investigate the healing effects of allograft extra embryonic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with and without low-level diode laser irradiation when grafted into full-thickness skin defects in diabetic animal models.Methods: In this experimental study, in order to make the rats diabetic, we used an intra-peritoneal injection of streptozotocin. Human amniotic membrane derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) were irradiated with a low-level diode laser. Two full-thickness excisions were made on the backs of the rats. Next, the rats were divided into the following groups: group 1: low-level laser (LLL) irradiated hAMSCs, and group 2: hAMSCs alone transplanted into skin wounds. Histopathologic, ultrasound, and elasticity evaluations were performed 7, 14 and 21 days after grafting.Results: In the evaluated rats, the epithelial formation was on day 7 and increased until day 14. On days 7, 14 and 21, the percentage of epithelial formation in the irradiated cell group was significantly higher than that in the cell group, so that, on day 21, the epithelium in this group completely covered the wound surface while in the control group, the wound surface was still not completely covered. In terms of angiogenesis, on day 7, the irradiated cells were significantly lower than the cells. Also, the formation of collagen in the cellular hydrogel group could confirm the effectiveness of amniotic MSCs in collagen production and thus accelerate the wound healing process. In comparison with hAMSCs alone, irradiated hAMSCs increased the thickness and elasticity of the skin.Conclusion: Low-power lasers along with MSCs can be effective in improving chronic wound conditions in the animal model.

The skin, as the largest organ, covers the entire outer part of the body, and since this organ is directly exposed to microbial, thermal, mechanical and ch

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the pre- and postoperative effects of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) and the biofeedback method on the management of urinary incontinence (UI) in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP). Material and Methods: Fifty-seven patients were enrolled in this study from September 2019 to July 2020. They were randomly divided into three groups each of 19 patients: two case groups (biofeedback before and after RP) and a control group. All patients underwent RP, followed by PFMT and 24-hour pad use instructions after the postoperative removal of the Foley catheter. Then, the rate of patient-reported pads/day usage was recorded and compared among the three groups at the end of the 1st, 3rd, and 6th months of catheter removal. Results: Compared with the control group (only 15%), 63 and 52% of the patients who used pre- or postoperative treatment interventions, respectively, regained urinary continence during the first postoperative period, showing significant downward rates of pads/day use (P ¼ .01 and .001, respectively). However, the results were not significant between the two case groups. Conclusion: Our study revealed that applying the biofeedback method for pelvic floor muscles could be an efficient interventional approach in patients with UI, leading to the earlier regaining of continence following RP. Cite this article as: Allameh F, Rayegani SM, Razzaghi M, Abedi AR, Rahavian A, Javadi A, Montazeri S. Comparison of the effect of the pelvic floor muscle biofeedback prior or postradical prostatectomy on urinary incontinence: A randomized controlled trial. Turk J Urol. 2021; 47(5): 436-441.

Introduction: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the common causes of injuries, claims, and decisions related to laser therapy medical malpractice during a nine-year survey. Methods: The legal documents in the Coroner’s Office of Forensic Medicine were investigated in a national database from 2012 to 2020 in Tehran, Iran. The frequency and nature of the cases, including the year of litigation, the location and certificate of the provider, the injury sustained, and the cause of legal action and judgment were collected. Results: Three hundred and eighty-three cases related to injury from laser therapy were registered in the coroner’s Office of Forensic Medicine during the study period. The incidence of litigation related to laser surgery showed an increasing trend, with a peak occurrence in 2020. Laser hair removal was the most common (51.2%) litigated procedure. General practice operators (48%) recorded the highest rate of laser-related medical complaints. Lack of skill was the most common reason for failure. Among 383 cases with public decisions, 62.4% of them were fault liability in paid judgment. Conclusion: Medical claims related to laser application are increasing. However, as it is clear, the growth of laser technology and the increasing demand for lasers in medical science require more surveillance to avoid probable injuries and improve patient safety, especially surveillance of the physicians who work outside the scope of their specialty.