Guobiao Liang

Background: Urogenital Mycoplasma infections are considered an important public health problem, owing to the presence of antibiotic resistance or decreased susceptibility, the treatment options are limited. Objective: Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to estimate resistance rates of genital Mycoplasmas to tetracyclines (tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline). Methods: We searched the relevant published studies in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase until 3, March 2022. All statistical analyses were carried out using the statistical package R. Results: The 26 studies included in the analysis were performed in 15 countries. In the metadata, the proportions of tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline resistance in Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma urogenital isolates were reported 14.2% (95% CI 8.2–23.2%), 5% (95% CI 3–8.1%), and 11.9% (95% CI 6.3–21.5%), respectively. According to the meta-regression, the tetracycline and minocycline resistance rate decreased over time. Although, the doxycycline resistance rate increased over time. There was a statistically significant difference in the tetracyclines resistance rates between different continents/countries (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence rate and antibiotic susceptibility profiles vary geographically. Therefore, rigorous or improved antimicrobial stewardship, contact tracing, and enhanced intensive surveillance systems are necessitated for preventing the emergence and further spreading of tetracyclines resistance in genital Mycoplasmas.

Purpose: To explore the efficacy of 5-ARIs in PCA (Prostate Cancer). Methods: Searching through the major medical databases such as PubMed, Science Citation Index, EMBASE, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library for all published studies in English until 2018. The following search terms were used: "Finasteride", "dutasteride", "5 alpha reductase inhibitors", "5-ARIs", "prostate cancer", "prostate neoplasm" and the additional related studies were manually searched. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) assessed the qualities of studies, and the outcome measures were observed by RR or OR with 95% CIs. Results: We included 9 eligible studies for analyses from 2011 to 2017. We found that 5-ARIs group may have fewer progression (OR = 0.48 95%CI: 0.37-0.61 P < 0.00001, I2=4%p = 0.39) and lower pathological progression (OR = 0.46; 95%CI: 0.29-0.73; p = 0.001, I2=0% p = 0.45), compared with control groups. However, the OS did not show significant difference between two groups (OR=1.10; 95%CI:0.90-1.35; P = 0.35, I2 = 93% P < .00001 ). Conclusion: The use of 5-ARIs could prevent progression in PCA patients both clinical and pathological.

Background: Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a malignant urothelial carcinoma and has a high mortality rate. EPDR1 (ependymin related 1) is a type II transmembrane protein and related to calcium-dependent cell adhesion.Methods: We explored the potential oncogenic roles of EPDR1 in BLCA basing on the multiple public datasets.Results: We found that EPDR1 expression had a significant difference in BLCA and adjacent normal bladder tissues, and the level of EPDR1was up-regulated with advanced tumor stage and metastasis in BLCA. Meanwhile, the high expression group of EPDR1 had a shorter OS compared to the low or medium expression-group. Furthermore, EPDR1 expression was associated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs), including NK cells, CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, Macrophages cells, and so on. Moreover, EPDR1 also involved in several signaling pathways as well as PI3K/AKT pathway, Cytokine receptor interaction, and apoptosis.Conclusion: EPDR1 can be used as a novel prognostic biomarker as well as an effective target for diagnosis and treatment in BLCA.