Mingli Jiao

Sn₃OSO₄(OH)₂ was successfully synthesized using a simple solid-state reaction method. The material was applied to the photocatalytic degradation of industrial dyes. Experimental results indicated that the material could be rapidly synthesized through a straightforward vibration treatment of NaOH and SnSO₄ powders for 5 min. Its average particle size was 14 μm. The BET value was 1.32 m²/g. It had stronger light absorption ability in visible regions. Sn₃OSO₄(OH)₂ exhibited good photocatalytic performance under UV and simulated sunlight irradiation. It could completely degrade methyl orange in 92 and 45 min under the two conditions, respectively. Finally, a mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of MO by Sn₃OSO₄(OH)₂ was proposed.

Using SnSO₄ and NaOH powder as reactants, we efficiently synthesized Sn₃(OH)₂OSO₄ photocatalysts via a precipitation reaction. Subsequently, by adjusting the heat treatment temperature, a series of samples were prepared to optimize their photocatalytic performance. The results indicate that the as-synthesized Sn₃(OH)₂OSO₄ material typically exhibits an ellipsoidal flower-like structure with particle sizes ranging from 5 to 15 µm. During the heat treatment of the Sn₃(OH)₂OSO₄ samples, it was observed that as the temperature increased, the Sn₃(OH)₂OSO₄ gradually decomposed, forming a composite of Sn₂OSO₄ and SnO. ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS) revealed that compared to the untreated Sn₃(OH)₂OSO₄ sample, the synthesized samples demonstrated superior light absorption in both the partial ultraviolet range (310–400 nm) and the visible light region. Moreover, as the heat treatment temperature increased, the light absorption capacity of the samples gradually improved, while their bandgap values correspondingly decreased. Photocatalytic degradation experiments further confirmed that appropriately increasing the heat treatment temperature enhanced the samples’ degradation efficiency. Under ultraviolet light, visible light, and simulated sunlight irradiation, the best-performing sample (heat-treated at 350°C) was able to completely or nearly completely degrade methyl orange within 45, 60, and 30 min, respectively.

This article adopts a simple solid-phase reaction method to rapidly synthesis efficient SnO/Sn composite photocatalysts using SnCl₂·2H₂O and NaOH powders as raw materials. The structural characteristics of the synthesized catalysts were systematically studied using analysis techniques such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The research results show that SnCl₂·2H₂O and NaOH can quickly react and generate SnO/Sn composites by being placed in a centrifuge tube and shaken by a vortex mixer. NaOH has a strong reducing ability towards divalent tin, and as the content of NaOH increased, the proportion of Sn in the corresponding products significantly increased. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images reveal that the sample was composed of aggregates formed by the focusing of a large number of nanocrystals. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization confirmed the presence of oxygen vacancy defects in the sample. The diffuse reflectance spectroscopy analysis shows that compared to SnO reagents, the synthesized samples had strong absorption ability in both ultraviolet and visible light regions. The photocatalytic experiment proved that the prepared catalysts exhibit excellent photocatalytic degradation ability. Under simulated sunlight irradiation, the sample with lower NaOH in the raw material can completely degrade methyl orange within 9 min. Finally, a reaction mechanism for photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange was proposed.

This article used one simple heat treatment to prepare high efficient Sn₂₁Cl₁₆(OH)₁₄O₆/SnO₂ composite photocatalysts using anhydrous SnCl₂ and NaOH powders as raw materials. The structural characteristics of the synthesized catalysts were studied using analysis techniques such as powder XRD, SEM and DRS. The research results showed that Sn₂₁Cl₁₆(OH)₁₄O₆/SnO₂ composites were prepared by heat treatment. An increase in the content of NaOH in the raw material can promote the transformation of Sn₂₁C-l₁₆(OH)₁₄O₆ into SnO₂. As the content of NaOH increased, the corresponding content of SnO₂ in the product also increased. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images reveal that the sample was composed of aggregates formed by the focusing of a large number of nanocrystals. DRS analysis shows that compared to SnO₂ reagent and single-phase Sn₂₁Cl₁₆(OH)₁₄O₆, the synthesized sample had much stronger absorption ability in the visible light region, and the bandgap value of the samples were obviously reduced. The photocatalytic experiment proves that the prepared catalysts exhibits excellent photocatalytic degradation ability. Under simulated sunlight and visible light irradiation, samples with lower NaOH content in the raw material can completely degrade methyl orange in 6 minutes and 15 min, respectively. Finally, a reaction mechanism for photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange was proposed.

ZnO/Zn₃N₂ composites were prepared through rapid heat treatment using Zn(OH)₂ and C₃N₄ raw materials. This study investigated the effects of varying raw material ratios on the phase composition, microscopic morphology, and photocatalytic properties of the resulting products. The results demonstrated that Zn(OH)₂ decomposed rapidly into ultrafine ZnO grains at 800°C. Subsequently, the newly generated ZnO reacted with C₃N₄ to form ZnO/Zn₃N₂ composites. Notably, an increase in C₃N₄ content enhanced the composites’ light absorption capacity in the visible spectrum. Moderate additions (10 and 15%) of C₃N₄ significantly improved the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB). Specifically, the product containing 15% C₃N₄ exhibited optimal photocatalytic performance, achieving a degradation rate of 99.1% for MB within 20 min. Finally, one possible photocatalytic reaction mechanism for ZnO/Zn₃N₂ composites was proposed.

TiO₂/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites were rapidly prepared via the explosive method using graphene oxide and Ti(OH)₄ as raw materials. The effect of graphene oxide content on the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was investigated. Results show that during rapid heating ofthe sample, graphene oxide can undergo explosive reaction, which induced the simultaneous reduction of graphene oxide and the decomposition of Ti(OH)₄. TiO₂ nanorods with a diameter and alength of approximately 10 and 70 nm, respectively, were loaded onto the graphene nanosheets. TiO₂/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites exhibited an excellent photocatalytic performance. Under simulated sunlight irradiation, they exhibited the best photocatalytic activity and can degrade 99.7% methylene blue (40 mg/L) within 60 min.

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/TiO₂ nanocomposites were prepared by low-temperature and low-pressure heat treatment. The structure and photocatalysis performance of the composites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectrum (UV-Vis DRS). The photocatalytic degradation performance of methyl orange (MO) by composites with different raw material ratios was studied under simulated solar-irradiation conditions. Results indicated that graphene oxide (GO) was reduced to graphene during heat treatment and bonded well with TiO₂. Compared with TiO₂, GO addition greatly improved its photocatalytic efficiency. Under simulated sunlight irradiation, the samples exhibited good photocatalysis performance. Within 50[ ]min, MO can be rapidly degraded by TiO₂/40% rGO composite.

A new method of coating diamond particles was proposed in this paper, that is, using the high temperature generated by the thermal explosion reaction to in