Saeid Hadi

Background: Diet is a key modulator of gut microbiota and may influence the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota (DI-GM) has been proposed to capture the overall capacity of diet to promote a favorable gut microbial profile. Prospective evidence linking DI-GM to MASLD risk remains limited. Methods: This prospective analysis included 5,058 adults without MASLD at baseline from the Monitoring of Metabolic Diseases Risk Factors in Tehran (MMRT) study. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 125-item food frequency questionnaire. The five-year incidence of MASLD was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression models, and associations were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were conducted to assess potential effect modification. Sensitivity analyses examined the robustness of results after excluding participants with substantial weight gain and after additional adjustment for metabolic and dietary factors. Mediation analyses were performed to explore potential pathways underlying the observed associations. Results: Over five years of follow-up, 562 participants developed MASLD. Higher DI-GM scores were associated with a lower likelihood of incident MASLD. In the fully adjusted model, individuals in the highest quartile of DI-GM had 42% lower odds of MASLD compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR:0.58; 95%CI:0.42–0.80; P-trend < 0.01). Each one-standard-deviation increment in DI-GM score was associated with reduced odds of MASLD (OR:0.72; 95%CI:0.65–0.81;P-value < 0.001). The inverse association was more pronounced among women and participants aged ≥ 45 years (P-interaction < 0.01). Mediation analyses suggested that CAP, HOMA-IR, and serum vitamin D partially explained the association. Conclusions: Greater adherence to a diet supportive of gut microbiota, as reflected by higher DI-GM scores, was associated with a lower five-year risk of MASLD. These findings highlight the potential role of microbiota-related dietary patterns in MASLD prevention.

Melatonin, a neurohormone primarily known for its regulation of circadian rhythms, has recently received attention for its potential role in glucose metabo

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) affects 20–25% of adults worldwide, with a concerning prevalence of approximately 32% observed in Iran. While various dietary patterns have been linked to MetS, the association between sustainable diets and MetS remains underexplored. This study investigates the association between the World Index for Sustainability and Health (WISH) score and MetS among Iranian adults. In this cross-sectional study, 2971 adults aged 35 to 70 years were selected from the PERSIAN Dena Cohort data. Dietary intake was assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). The WISH score was calculated based on thirteen food items, taking into account both health and environmental sustainability. In this study, the criteria established by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP ATP III) were used to define the MetS. Individuals with the highest WISH score had 48% lower odds of having metabolic syndrome compared with those with the lowest score (adjusted OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.30–0.89). The odds of having MetS (P for trend = 0.002) and certain components, such as abdominal adiposity (P for trend = 0.001), abnormal glucose homeostasis (P for trend < 0.001), and elevated serum triglycerides (P for trend = 0.030), decrease with increasing quartiles of WISH after controlling for potential confounders.Higher adherence to environmentally sustainable and healthy dietary patterns, as measured by WISH scores, is associated with lower odds of MetS among Iranian adults. These findings underscore the importance of promoting sustainable diets for both human health and environmental benefits.

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of gelatin coating containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium bifidum on Listeria monocytogenesis inoculated in chicken fillets during cold storage (4 ± 1°C). Methods: After inoculation with L. monocytogenes bacteria, the samples were divided into three groups: uncoated fillets (control), ...

Anxiety and depression are among the most prevalent mental health disorders worldwide (In Iran, approximately 21% of adults). Athletes often consume carbohydrate-rich diets to boost their performance, but this diet might potentially influenced mood through insulin secretion and increases in serotonin and melatonin. This study investigates association between the Dietary Insulin Index (DII) and risk of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders among physically active adults. This cross-sectional study included 690 bodybuilding athletes (ages 18–50, BMI 20–30) from Kashan, Iran. Demographic, medical, and mental health data of participants were collected using the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Dietary intake was assessed via a 147-item Food Frequency Questionnaire. The DII and Dietary Insulin Load (DIL) were calculated by multiplying the insulin index of each food item by its energy content and consumption frequency, and summing across all items. In the fully adjusted model, there was no significant association between DII and the odds of depression (OR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.48, 1.33) or anxiety (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 0.61, 2.12). However, individuals in the highest tertile of DII had higher risk of sleep disorders as compared to those at the lowest tertile (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.22; p for trend = 0.03). A significant direct association was found between DII and odds of sleep disorders, but no with the risk of anxiety or depression. Further studies are needed to explore these findings among athletes with various physical activity levels. Not applicable.

The timing of enteral nutrition initiation in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) plays a crucial role in clinical outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of early (within 48 h of ICU admission) versus delayed enteral feeding on 28-day mortality, ventilator dependency, and ICU length of stay. A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 295 patients across four ICUs in two Tehran hospitals, admitted between 2017 and 2018. Participants were grouped into early (n = 161) and delayed (n = 134) enteral feeding categories. Baseline characteristics were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney and Chi-Square tests. Mortality was assessed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models, while logistic and linear regression models were applied to examine associations with ventilator dependency and ICU length of stay, respectively. Early enteral feeding (EEF) was significantly associated with reduced 28-day mortality (25.5% vs. 50.0%, p < 0.001), lower incidence of mechanical ventilation (66.5% vs. 80.6%, p = 0.007), and a shorter ICU stay (13.07 ± 16.44 days vs. 16.23 ± 13.57 days, p < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed a higher survival probability at 28 days in the early feeding group (log-rank test, p < 0.001). However, after adjusting for potential confounders (age, gender, BMI, baseline APACHEII, baseline SOFA score, number of comorbid, primary diagnosis and admission category), the relationships between delayed feeding and mortality (HR: 1.49, 95% CI 0.98, 2.26, p = 0.062), ventilator dependency (OR: 1.28, 95% CI 0.59, 2.70, p = 0.558), and ICU length of stay (LOS) (β: 1.96, 95% CI − 1.52, 5.45, p = 0.268) were not statistically significant. Subgroup analyses revealed that delayed enteral feeding was significantly associated with higher mortality risk in surgical patients (adjusted HR: 1.85, 95% CI 1.02, 3.35, p = 0.043) and prolonged ICU stay (β: 3.75, 95% CI 0.27, 7.23, p = 0.035), whereas no significant associations were observed in medical patients. Initiating enteral feeding within 48 h of ICU admission is associated with improved clinical outcomes, although these benefits may be influenced by individual patient factors and disease severity. Future studies should focus on tailoring enteral feeding strategies to optimize outcomes across varied ICU populations.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of dietary modifications based on complementary and alternative Iranian medicine (CAIM) in patients with secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). Design: In this randomized controlled trial, 70 SPMS patients were randomized to receive either a moderate-nature diet based on Persian medicine (as intervention) or usual diet plus health-related diet recommendations (as control) for 2 months. Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Global Pain Scale (GPS), Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), anthropometric measurements, and quality of life (QOL) were assessed at baseline and end of trial. Analysis of covariance was performed, and the results were adjusted for potential confounders using SPSS v.14. Results: All participants completed the study for 2 months. There were significant improvements across the mean changes of hs-CRP (−0.1 ± 0.2 mg/L for intervention vs. −0.01 ± 0.13 mg/L for control; p_adjusted = 0.012), MFIS (−11.0 ± 11.8 vs. −0.7 ± 9.9; p_adjusted p_adjusted p_adjusted = 0.032), and QOL (p_adjusted Conclusion: Dietary modifications based on CAIM may improve inflammation and clinical manifestations in SPMS patients. Nonetheless, further trials are required to confirm these findings. Clinical Trial Registration number: IRCT20181113041641N2.