Rouhollah Ranjbar

The release of adipokines from adipose tissue depots plays a crucial role in regulating metabolic homeostasis and several other physiological processes in cardiovascular diseases caused by diabetes. In this study, we investigated the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on asprosin and oxidative stress of heart tissue type 2 diabetic male rats. 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control (C), control training (CT), diabetes (D), and diabetes training (DT). Diabetes was induced by a high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin injection. The training group performed 8-week HIIT program on the treadmill. Two-way ANOVA was used to analyse data (). The results showed that there was no significant interaction in plasma asprosin () and SOD2 (), but a significant interaction in heart tissue asprosin () and P-ERK 1/2 () was found. Serum and heart tissue asprosin were higher in Group D than in Group C (p < 0.0001), and also decreased in Group CT compared to Group C (, ), and Group DT compared to Group D (, ). P-ERK 1/2, SOD2, GPX, and HDL-c were lower in Group D than Group C (, , , , respectively) and increased in Group CT compared to Group C (, , , , respectively), and Group DT compared to Group D (, , , , respectively). There was no significant difference between groups in MDA, HOMA, LDL-c, and TG between Group C and Group CT, but it is lower in Group DT than Group D (, , , , respectively). Asprosin is increased in type 2 diabetic rats, and HIIT reduces asprosin and oxidative stress in the heart and improves insulin resistance and lipid profile. Decreased asprosin may have a cardioprotective effect by activating downstream pathways, including regulating P-ERK 1/2 expression and increasing the antioxidant enzyme SOD2.

Objective: In Parkinson's disease (PD), mitochondrial defects and oxidative stress cause an increase in free radicals and the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. By preventing lipid peroxidation and protecting against peroxide radicals, vitamin E is the most important antioxidant of biological membranes that can neutralize free radicals. Also, the improvement of the functional status of mitochondria can be influenced by exercise, which can be partially the result of changes in the mitochondrial mitophagy and dynamics system. This study aimed to investigate the interactive effects of six weeks of vitamin E (VE) VE ) consumption and training on the mitochondrial function [Cytochrome C ( Cyt-C ), Adenosine triphosphate (Atp) Atp ) synthase, optical atrophy1 mitochondrial dynamics like guanosine triphosphatase ( GTPase ), 8-Oxodequanosin and Pten induced kinase 1 ( Pink1 ) is a protein coding gene] in the hippocampus tissue of PD rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 4-6-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats (mean weight 250 +/- 30 g) were given parkinsonism with reserpine (2 mg/kg) and were categorized into different groups, including healthy (H), PD, VE solvent+PD (Sham), aerobic exercise+PD (AE+PD), VE+PD, AE+VE+PD. The aerobic training program was carried out for six weeks and 5 sessions per week and each session lasted 15-22 minutes. VE was also taken orally at 30 mg/kg daily. Results: A six-week regimen of VE supplement along with the AE significantly reduced the Cyt-C gene expression level, also we observed a significant increase in gene expression level of the Pink1, Atp synthase and Opa1 (P0.05). Conclusion: The consumption of VE along with AE may provide therapeutic effects on mitochondrial damage in PD rats.

Objective: Aging is one of the stages of life that needs special attention due to the special conditions of this period of life. Inactivity and myasthenia due to aging are important factors in reducing the physical and functional activities in the elderly, which can affect their quality of life. On the other hand, electromyostimulation (EMS) is one of the modern training methods that can be suitable for disabilities in the elderly. Also, the training sequence in concurrent training is one of the variables of training that can affect its adaptations. This study aimed to compare the effect of exercise sequence in concurrent training with EMS on the motor performance of elderly women. Materials & Methods: In this semi-experimental single-blinded study, 50 healthy elderly female volunteers, age range of 60-70 years, were selected by random sampling divided randomly into the following groups (each group of 10 people): Aerobic-resistance training with EMS, resistance-aerobic exercise with EMS, rotational exercise (change of priority periodically in training sessions) with EMS, and rotational and control (without training) groups. The training protocol consisted of twelve weeks of exercise, three sessions per week, and each session three stages of warm-up (10-15 minutes), main exercises (20 minutes) and cooling (10 minutes). The main training program consisted of 20 minutes of parallel combination exercises, which were two 10-minute steps with a 3-5 minute intervals. Aerobic exercises were performed with the intensity of 70%-50% of maximum oxygen consumption and resistance exercises using body weight and elastic bands for different muscle groups. The training schedule was the same for all groups in terms of volume and intensity, with the only difference being in the exercise sequence and EMS presentation. Strength of the upper and lower torso muscles were measured with chest press and seated leg extension, respectively, maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) with a one-mile Rockport walking test, muscular endurance with a 2-minute marching on a spot-test and lower torso strength with a walking test on the slope in two stages before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using dependent t-tests and Covariance Analysis (ANCOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc test using SPSS software V. 22 and P≥0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Significant increase was observed in all measured dependent variables relative to the baseline values (P<0.001). In the study of intergroup changes, a significant increase was observed in VO2 max level, upper and lower torso strength, and muscular endurance in all of the intervention groups compared to the control group (P<0.001), but lower torso strength was significant only in the intervention groups with EMS compared to the control group (P<0.001). VO2 max changes and the lower torso strength in training groups with EMS were significantly higher than the groups without EMS (P<0.01). Also, the upper torso strength and the endurance of the lower torso muscles in the group with the priority of resistance training with EMS were higher than the combination group without EMS (P<0.01). Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be said that combined concurrent exercises are a useful method in promoting physical fitness and physical performance of elderly women, and the use of EMS can increase the effectiveness of adaptations resulting from exercise, especially lower torso strength in the elderly and can prevent complications associated with myasthenia. On the other hand, the training sequence with the priority of resistance training can be effective in increasing the effect of exercise on the variables of upper torso muscle strength and muscular endurance, but it does not have a significant effect on lower torso strength, cardiorespiratory endurance and lower torso strength.