Gangcheng Wu

Dietary 1,3-diacylglycerol improves hyperuricemia through dual mechanisms: regulating renal urate transporters (downregulating URAT1 and upregulating OCT1/2) and inhibiting inflammatory response.

Sichuan pepper plays a vital role in enhancing the flavor of hotpot. However, the specific flavor compounds involved are still unclear. In this study, the key aroma components of Sichuan pepper tallow hotpot were explored. Six aroma attributes were evaluated by quantitative descriptive sensory analysis (QDA). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified 56 compounds. Among them, a total of 27 aroma-active compounds were identified by gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC-O) and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). Sixteen aroma-active compounds were determined using odor activity values (OAVs) ≥ 1. Linalool, linalyl acetate, D-limonene, sabinene, β-myrcene, eucalyptol, α-terpineol, terpinen-4-ol, acetic acid, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, (E)-2-heptenal, and others were identified as the key aroma compounds. Chemometrics analysis indicated that the aroma of green Sichuan pepper tallow hotpot was green, and the aroma of different red Sichuan pepper tallow hotpots varied significantly. The research results serve as a foundation for the quality control and production of the hotpot industry.

Glycerol core aldehydes (GCAs) are significant nonvolatile aldehyde compounds generated in heated edible oils, which may pose potential health risks. Utilizing the complementary CID and EAD mass spectrometry data, this study introduced a predict-to-hit strategy, identifying 42 types of GCAs from oxidized OOO, LLL, and LnLnLn. Structural analysis revealed that oxidation occurred at both the sn-2 and sn-1/3 positions of triglyceride (TG), with the Sn-1/3 position exhibiting greater susceptibility as the degree of TG unsaturation increased. As the temperature increases, the concentration of saturated GCAs steadily rises, while unsaturated GCAs exhibit an initial increase, followed by a decrease. During further oxidation, GCAs tend to convert into hydroxyl compounds, monocyclic epoxides, dicyclic epoxides, and polycyclic epoxides, with epoxy groups predominantly forming at the 9,10 positions. These observations enhance our understanding of the formation of GCAs and promote the search for strategies to delay or prevent oxidation.

PPH-induced GLP-1 secretion may involve CaSR and PepT1 activation accompanied by Ca²⁺ influx and cAMP generation, which effectively enhance the enzyme activity of prohormone convertase 1/3 (PCSK-1) and ultimately promote GLP-1 secretion.

The recent advances of resveratrol nano delivery systems, the advantages and potential limitations, as well as their associated applications in biomedical and food.

Background and aims: There is limited and conflicting evidence about the association of erythrocyte fatty acids with coronary artery disease (CAD), particularly in China where the CAD rates are high. Our study aimed to explore the association between erythrocyte fatty acid composition and CAD risk in Chinese adults. Methods: Erythrocyte fatty acids of 314 CAD patients and 314 matched controls were measured by gas chromatography. Multivariable conditional logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to explore the odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (OR, 95% CI) and potential association between erythrocyte fatty acids and CAD risk. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze further the potential role of various erythrocyte fatty acid patterns in relation to CAD risk. Results: Significant inverse associations were observed between high levels of erythrocyte total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) [OR_T3–T1 = 0.18 (0.12, 0.28)], monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) [OR_T3–T1 = 0.21 (0.13, 0.32)], and the risk of CAD. Conversely, levels of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs) were positively associated with CAD risk [OR_T3–T1 = 3.33 (2.18, 5.13), OR_T3–T1 = 1.61 (1.06, 2.43)]. No significant association was observed between CAD risk and total trans fatty acids. Additionally, the PCA identifies four new fatty acid patterns (FAPs). The risk of CAD was significantly positively associated with FAP1 and FAP2, while being negatively correlated with FAP3 and FAP4. Conclusion: The different types of erythrocyte fatty acids may significantly alter susceptibility to CAD. Elevated levels of n-3-PUFAs and MUFAs are considered as protective biomarkers against CAD, while SFAs and n-6 PUFAs may be associated with higher CAD risk in Chinese adults. The risk of CAD was positively associated with FAP1 and FAP2, and negatively associated with FAP3 and FAP4. Combinations of erythrocyte fatty acids may be more important markers of CAD development than individual fatty acids or their subgroups.

BACKGROUND: Recently, peptides have been studied in Caenorhabditis elegans for anti-aging research. Due to the lack of sufficient evidence, we conducted this meta-analysis focusing on the anti-aging effect of peptides in C. elegans to provide more convincing evidence. RESULTS: A literature search in PubMed, SCOUPUS, and Web of Science databases yielded 2879 articles. After removing duplicates and based on inclusion criteria and STAIR checklist quality assessment, nine articles were selected. Data extraction and analysis showed that, compared to the control group without peptide intervention, peptide supplementation significantly reduced nematode mortality risk [hazard ratio = 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.47, 0.62; P < 0.05], significantly increased the pharyngeal pumping rate [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.64, 95% CI = 0.87, 2.41; P < 0.05], bending frequency (SMD = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.16, 2.18; P < 0.05), and significantly decreased the accumulation of lipofuscin levels within nematodes (SMD = -4.48, 95% CI = -6.85, -2.12; P < 0.05). Additionally, subgroup analysis showed that doses ranging from 0.1 to 1 mg/mL (HR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.38, 0.65; P < 0.05) displayed better anti-aging effects compared to other dose ranges. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that peptides can significantly extend the lifespan of C. elegans under normal circumstances and improve three indicators of healthy life. More importantly, subgroup analysis revealed that a dosage of 0.1-1 mg/mL demonstrated superior anti-aging effects. This meta-analysis provides more convincing evidence that peptides can play an anti-aging role in C. elegans. (c) 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Borage seed oil (BSO; Borago officinalis L.) has great medicinal and nutritional potential owing to its bioactive components. In this study, we compared the lipid composition, micronutrient content, free radical scavenging capacities, and cellular antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of BSO from eight provinces in China. The Gansu sample had the highest levels of γ‐linolenic acid, accounting for 18.66%. We detected more than 17 triacylglycerols in BSO. Among micronutrients, δ‐tocopherol and Δ5‐avenasterol were the main components of tocopherol and phytosterol, respectively. The highest cellular antioxidant activity values were found in the Shanxi and Gansu samples; the concentration cytotoxicity 50% values were higher than 200 mg/mL, and the median effective dose ranged from 18.34 ± 0.52 to 70.65 ± 1.76 mg/mL. In addition, we tested the free radical scavenging capacity of BSO and found significant differences in antioxidant capacity between samples from different regions, and the Gansu sample had a better antioxidant capacity.

Medium- and long-chain triacylglycerol (MLCT), as a novel functional lipid, is valuable due to its special nutritional properties. Its low content in natural resources and inefficient synthesis during preparation have limited its practical applications. In this study, we developed an effective Pickering emulsion interfacial catalysis system (PE system) for the enzymatic synthesis of MLCT by trans-esterification. Lipase NS 40086 served simultaneously as a catalyst and a solid emulsifier to stabilize the Pickering emulsion. Benefitting from the sufficient oil–water interface, the obtained PE system exhibited outstanding catalytic efficiency, achieving 77.5% of MLCT content within 30 min, 26% higher than that of a water-free system. The K_m value (0.259 mM) and activation energy (14.45 kJ mol⁻¹) were 6.8-fold and 1.6-fold lower than those of the water-free system, respectively. The kinetic parameters as well as the molecular dynamics simulation and the tunnel analysis implied that the oil–water interface enhanced the binding between substrate and lipase and thus boosted catalytic efficiency. The conformational changes in the lipase were further explored by FT-IR. This method could give a novel strategy for enhancing lipase activity and the design of efficient catalytic systems to produce added-value lipids. This work will open a new methodology for the enzymatic synthesis of structured lipids.

Background: Uncertainty exists about the link between omega-3 fatty acid, omega-6 fatty acid, and total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake and mortality in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) patients, and no meta-analyses summarize the relationship between these various types of PUFAs and ASCVD. Methods: Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCO and Cochrane Library up to November 30, 2022 were searched for prospective randomized controlled studies investigating the relationships among omega-3, omega-6, and PUFA intake and mortality and cardiovascular events in ASCVD patients. This study has been registered at PROSPERO (No. CRD42023407566). Results: This meta-analysis included 21 publications from 17 studies involving 40 861 participants published between 1965 and 2022. In ASCVD patients, omega-3 may lower all-cause mortality (RR: 0.90, 95% CI [0.83, 0.98], I² = 8%), CVD mortality (RR: 0.82, 95% CI [0.73, 0.91], I² = 34%) and CVD events (RR: 0.90, 95% CI [0.86, 0.93], I² = 79%). Subgroup analyses showed that EPA or EPA ethyl ester supplementation reduced CVD events, while the mixture of EPA and DHA had no significant impact. Long-chain omega-3 consumption of 1.0–4.0 g per d reduced death risk by 3.5% for each 1 g per d increase. Omega-6 and PUFA had no significant effect on mortality or CVD events, with low-quality evidence and significant heterogeneity. Conclusions: omega-3 intake is associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, and CVD events in ASCVD patients, while omega-6 or total PUFA intake showed no significant association. Increasing the omega-3 intake by 1 g per d resulted in a 3.5% decrease in the risk of death. These findings support the recommendation of supplements with omega-3 fatty acids for the secondary prevention of ASCVD.