S. Sarifah Radiah Shariff

This paper focuses on the risk aversion and remanufacturing process innovation in third-party remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain. We consider a supply chain consisting of a manufacturer, a risk-averse retailer, and a third party.The manufacturer sells new products through the retailer. The third party produces remanufactured products and implements process innovation for remanufacturing (PIR). Two Stackelberg game models with the consideration of third-party remanufacturing process innovation are studied: authorized remanufacturing (modelA) and outsourcing remanufacturing (model O). By analyzing equilibrium solutions of the different remanufacturing patterns, it is shown that risk aversion promotes the production of remanufactured products, and the expected profit of third party but is detrimental for the manufacturer. The retailer's expected profit first increases and then decreases as risk aversion degree increases. Model A benefits the expected profits of the third party and retailer, and model O benefits the manufacturer. In addition, the expected environmental impact increases first and then decreases with the increase of PIR cost coefficient and is positively correlated with risk aversion degree. Model A is more environmentally friendly when the impact factor of PIR on environmental impact is below a certain threshold which is negatively correlated with the risk-aversion coefficient and positively correlated with PIR investment cost coefficient.

Introduction/Objectives: Road accidents on inter-urban expressways in Malaysia exhibit spatial concentration and varying severity levels, requiring empirical analysis to support targeted safety interventions. This study examines spatial–temporal accident patterns and identifies key determinants of accident severity on the Shah Alam Expressway. Methods: A dataset of 2,823 accidents (2013–2017) was analysed using descriptive statistics and 400 m spatial segmentation. Clustering was assessed using scatter plot outlier analysis and Global Moran’s I. An ordinal logistic regression model was applied to examine factors influencing accident severity. Results: Accident frequency peaked at 728 cases in 2013, declined by about 30% in 2014–2015, then increased in later years. Persistent hotspots were identified at KM40.5–40.9 (both directions), with additional high-risk segments at KM27.0–27.4 and KM47.5–47.9 (eastbound) and KM49.0–49.4 (westbound). Global Moran’s I confirmed significant clustering at smaller scales (z = 3.086, p = 0.002). Most accidents involved property damage (61.9%), while 9.2% were serious or fatal. The regression model was significant ( p < 0.001), with vehicle type as the strongest predictor. Discussion: Accident reductions were not sustained, while persistent hotspots indicate location-specific risks requiring targeted interventions. Significant clustering supports localized measures. Although most cases were minor, severe accidents remain concerning. Vehicle type strongly influences severity, suggesting the need for differentiated safety strategies. Conclusion: Accidents are spatially concentrated, and severity is strongly linked to vehicle characteristics. Site-specific and vehicle-focused interventions are essential to reduce accident severity effectively.

Backgrounds: Ports are critical nodes in global logistics and supply chains, yet their operations generate substantial environmental and social externalities. Existing evaluation frameworks have limited capability to address uncertainty, ambiguity, and expert hesitation. Moreover, prior studies frequently examine isolated performance dimensions, overlooking the interconnected roles of port authorities as landlords, regulators, operators, and community stakeholders. Methods: This study proposes an integrated evaluation framework using the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (IF-AHP) to assess environmentally sustainable port performance under uncertain decision environments. By incorporating membership, non-membership, and hesitation degrees, the approach improves the robustness of expert judgments and applies a dual consistency check to reduce bias. Empirical data are obtained from Malaysian port management professionals, enabling the development of a comprehensive framework that includes four main functions and twenty sub-functions. Results: Results reveal that the landlord function holds the highest priority, while operational sustainability dimensions receive the greatest emphasis, with a global weight of approximately 0.105. In contrast, community engagement and social initiatives are assigned relatively lower importance. Conclusions: The IF-AHP framework offers an uncertainty-aware tool that prioritizes sustainability functions, especially environmental mitigation and energy efficiency, enabling informed resource allocation, strategic planning, and policy formulation for balanced, sustainable port overall performance.

This paper studies optimal decisions in an authorized remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain consisting of a manufacturer, a fairness concerned retailer, and a fairness concerned authorized third-party remanufacturer. We develop two Stackelberg game models based on the retailer's different attitudes toward fairness concerns of the third party: the retailer considers the fairness concerns of the third party (model Y); the retailer does not consider the third party's fairness concerns (model N). We conduct numerical analysis to analyze the impact of two members' fairness concerns on optimal solutions. Our results are as follows: (1) The manufacturer will lower the wholesale price and authorization fee to cope with the fairness concerns. The retailer's disregard for third party's fairness concerns exacerbates the detrimental effects of fairness concerns on the manufacturer. (2) The increase in the retailer's fairness concerns promotes the quantity of remanufactured products and reduces the quantity of new products, whereas the increase in the fairness concerns of third party promotes the quantity of new products and suppresses the production of remanufactured products. (3) The fairness concerns of the retailer and third party are unfavorable to the manufacturer, while beneficial to two fairness concerned members' profits. (4) If the retailer seeks to maximize utility, it will choose not to consider the fairness concerns of the third party. Whereas if the retailer pursues profit maximization, it will consider the fairness concerns of the third party while maintaining a high degree of fairness concerns. (5) The environmental performance in model N is better, except when the remanufactured product's unit environmental impact is large and the third party has a sufficiently high level of fairness concerns relative to the retailer.

This study focuses on the challenges faced at the Counter Summons Again for Cases Discharged Not An Acquittal (DNAA), particularly during the Covid-19 pandemic, when civil servants were required to follow rapidly changing Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) while still performing their duties. As frontliners, these officers had to deal with public frustration, especially from individuals unable to renew their driving licenses due to expired summonses that could no longer be paid at the counter and instead required court appearances. This situation reflects a larger issue within the SOP framework, the procedures, though well-intended, were not adaptable enough to accommodate the unique and evolving circumstances brought on by the pandemic. The main objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness and suitability of the current SOPs in handling such exceptional cases and to propose necessary improvements that would help streamline services at the DNAA counter. Using a qualitative approach, this research analyzes actual cases and officer experiences at the DNAA counter to identify gaps and inefficiencies in SOP implementation. It also explores how the rigidity of existing SOPs prevents officers from offering practical solutions to the public during emergency conditions. The findings indicate that there is an urgent need to revise the SOPs to better align with real-world situations, allowing for more flexible and responsive public service. In doing so, this would also support the broader mission of the Malaysian Road Transport Department (RTD) to standardize and strengthen national transportation procedures while ensuring efficient service delivery in times of crisis.

The objective of this study is to identify and evaluate risk events and their causes in the halal food supply chain. Using field observations, interviews, and questionnaires with company owners and staff, the study applies the SCOR model to categorize risks into planning, sourcing, making, and delivering stages. Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) and House of Risk (HoR) approaches are also applied in this study. Findings reveal several key risk events: expired halal certification (Plan), lack of halal labels on raw materials (Source), inadequate hygiene and contamination during production (Make), and missing halal labels on packaging and contamination during delivery (Deliver). Severity assessments highlight critical risks with high impact, such as expired certification and lack of halal labels, which significantly affect supply chain integrity. The Structural Self-Interaction Matrix (SSIM) and Reachability Matrix (RM) further clarify the interrelationships and hierarchies among risk events, showing that risks like certification expiration and non-halal raw materials are pivotal, necessitating targeted preventive measures. This structured approach, including the use of ISM and House of Risk methodology, provides a comprehensive framework for managing and mitigating risks in halal food supply chains.

Logistics plays a crucial role in the smooth flow of goods, data, money, technology, and individuals along the supply chain, which in turn affects the efficiency of commerce worldwide. Thus, a company's efficiency is very important. The purpose of this research is to find the efficiency score of 14 Malaysian logistic companies while enduring the Covid 19 pandemic in 2020. Data was gathered from corporate annual reports from 2010 to 2021. 14 Malaysian logistics organizations were chosen as decision making units (DMUs) for this study. The companies' performance was evaluated using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model, Super Efficiency for input orientation. The primary findings show that companies cope very well to be consistently fully efficient. Further analysis of the results was done using the Super Efficiency model to identify the company that can be ranked as the most efficient. Due to the pandemic and the variables used as inputs and outputs for the DEA model were precisely taken from the financial statements, limits strategic analysis. The outcomes of this research are useful to aid in the evaluation of resource use and have the possibility to be used in evaluating current policies in order to guarantee that logistics businesses are efficient and sustainable.

The objective of this study is to identify and evaluate risk events and their causes in the halal food supply chain. Using field observations, interviews, and questionnaires with company owners and staff, the study applies the SCOR model to categorize risks into planning, sourcing, making, and delivering stages. Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) and House of Risk (HoR) approaches are also applied in this study. Findings reveal several key risk events: expired halal certification (Plan), lack of halal labels on raw materials (Source), inadequate hygiene and contamination during production (Make), and missing halal labels on packaging and contamination during delivery (Deliver). Severity assessments highlight critical risks with high impact, such as expired certification and lack of halal labels, which significantly affect supply chain integrity. The Structural Self-Interaction Matrix (SSIM) and Reachability Matrix (RM) further clarify the interrelationships and hierarchies among risk events, showing that risks like certification expiration and non-halal raw materials are pivotal, necessitating targeted preventive measures. This structured approach, including the use of ISM and House of Risk methodology, provides a comprehensive framework for managing and mitigating risks in halal food supply chains.

Logistics plays a crucial role in the smooth flow of goods, data, money, technology, and individuals along the supply chain, which in turn affects the efficiency of commerce worldwide. Thus, a company's efficiency is very important. The purpose of this research is to find the efficiency score of 14 Malaysian logistic companies while enduring the Covid 19 pandemic in 2020. Data was gathered from corporate annual reports from 2010 to 2021. 14 Malaysian logistics organizations were chosen as decision making units (DMUs) for this study. The companies' performance was evaluated using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model, Super Efficiency for input orientation. The primary findings show that companies cope very well to be consistently fully efficient. Further analysis of the results was done using the Super Efficiency model to identify the company that can be ranked as the most efficient. Due to the pandemic and the variables used as inputs and outputs for the DEA model were precisely taken from the financial statements, limits strategic analysis. The outcomes of this research are useful to aid in the evaluation of resource use and have the possibility to be used in evaluating current policies in order to guarantee that logistics businesses are efficient and sustainable.