Sean D. Raj

The nonspecific multimodality imaging features of primary and secondary breast lymphoma are reviewed, including the appropriate biopsy techniques for each entity and their clinical and pathologic features, which can aid in diagnosis and subsequent treatment planning. Breast lymphoma is a rare hematologic neoplasm that originates in the breast lymphoid tissue and includes primary breast lymphoma (PBL) and secondary breast lymphoma (SBL). PBL involves the breast lymphoid tissue in the absence of previously identified extramammary lymphoma and widespread disease. SBL is the most common metastasis to the breast, accounting for 17% of metastatic disease to the breast. PBL and SBL usually demonstrate imaging phenotypes that overlap with those of primary breast carcinoma, which makes a prospective diagnosis of breast lymphoma challenging. These nonspecific imaging features include an iso- to hyperdense oval mass or masses at mammography, a hypoechoic or mixed-echogenicity hypervascular mass at US, an enhancing mass with type II kinetics at MRI, and high fluorine 18–fluorodeoxyglucose avidity at PET. In cases of suspected lymphoma, reviewing the clinical history, using appropriate biopsy techniques, and evaluating for multiplicity, bilaterality, and distant disease are critic...

We describe the history of, indications for, and techniques involved in MRI‐guided needle localization (MRI‐NL). MRI‐NL continues to be a safe, effective method of sampling lesions that are only detected with MRI, particularly for anatomically challenging lesions such as those near the chest wall, the nipple, the skin, and/or in close proximity to implants.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to provide a more accurate estimation of the radiation dose of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) relative to that of 2D digital mammography and tomosynthesis using phantom and patient data and an accepted dosimetry protocol that eliminates vendor-specific average glandular dose (AGD) estimates while including breast density. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Patient and phantom AGD estimation was performed using two vendors (system 1 and system 2) in five imaging modes, including 2D, 3D, and CESM imaging. Patient AGD was retrospectively estimated from 45 patients who underwent mammography with all imaging modes during 2012–2016. Patient and phantom AGD were estimated using accepted European and International Atomic Energy Agency protocols for dosimetry and were compared across imaging modes using a paired t test with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS. Phantom data showed that the imaging modes with the lowest to highest AGDs were system 1 2D, followed by system 2 2D a...