Ghias Ul Hassan Khan

Business model experimentation is becoming common for the businesses with the advancement of technology and is considered as a key role behind innovativeness for gaining competitive advantage which leads to performance. However, in the developing countries business model experimentation is not widely used by the small and medium enterprises. Therefore, the purpose of the research was to analyze the sequential mediation of innovativeness and competitive advantage between resources for business model experimentation and performance of small and medium enterprises. For the said purpose predeveloped questionnaire was adopted to collect the data from the small and medium enterprises operating in Karachi city of Pakistan. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the direct and mediating effects. The findings revealed that innovativeness fully mediates between business model experimentation and competitive advantage, however, competitive advantage has the direct effect on performance, but the mediating role was found insignificant. All the direct relations are significant, however, in sequential mediation, the mediating effect holds partially. The findings are significant for the policy makers as well as academicians because the findings open the horizon for conducting research over business model experimentation in the developing countries and it is suggested to analyze the similar framework over other cities as well as while analyzing the demographic effects.

Purpose In developing countries, health and safety is not given importance especially in small and medium sized enterprises. Incidences of health and safety are continuously increasing. Major reason is lack of work place safety culture. Secondly, enterprises lack resources, therefore, it becomes hard for them to provide safety climate. Along with safety climate and safety culture behavior of leadership play a significant role towards safety performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the moderating role of leadership for gaining safety performance through safety culture and safety climate. Materials and Methods For the said purpose the authors collected data from the labors and managers. A structured questionnaire was adopted and after ensuring the reliability structural equation modeling was applied. Results and Conclusions The findings revealed that safety culture and safety climate both have a significant impact over safety performance, however, transformational leadership only moderates the relationship between safety culture and safety performance. The identification of moderating role of transformational leadership is a significant contribution in the social cognitive theory. Future researchers are also guided to identify the same link over large industries of developing countries.