Tatiana Roman

Objective: This article describes a staged temporary occlusal protocol for selected patients with severe tooth wear and altered mandibular closure, illustrated through a clinical case. Clinical Considerations: Advanced tooth wear may be associated with a protrusive mandibular posture, reduced posterior support, and incisal‐dominant function. A structured temporary occlusal phase based on a bonded resin mock‐up can be used to progressively re‐establish posterior support while controlling anterior contacts. Clinical evaluation, combined with adjunctive functional monitoring when available, may help assess adaptation and guide refinement of the occlusal scheme before definitive treatment. Conclusions: A structured temporary phase may provide a clinical option for reassessing occlusal relationships and refining the definitive rehabilitation plan in selected complex situations. Clinical Significance: Temporary occlusal rehabilitation may serve as a reversible evaluative phase in the management of selected patients with severe tooth wear associated with reduced posterior support, persistent anterior contacts, and a protrusive mandibular closure pattern.

This in vitro study evaluated the shear bond strength (SBS), morphology, and chemistry of CAD/CAM (computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing) ceramics and composites bonded to Er:YAG-irradiated dentin using universal adhesive strategies. A total of 102 human dentin discs were randomly allocated to etched control (E), laser-irradiated (I; 10 Hz, 150 mJ, 5 s), or irradiated-and-etched (IE) conditions. Ninety specimens were bonded to a Cerasmart composite (CSM) or leucite-reinforced ceramic (LRF), while 12 were used for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). EDX showed marked mineral depletion after etching, with the Ca/P ratio decreasing from 1.58 in control dentin to 1.28 in E and IE specimens. LRF showed higher SBS than CSM (14.12 ± 5.14 vs. 10.94 ± 3.76 MPa); E-LRF had the highest SBS (15.48 ± 3.75 MPa) and I-CSM the lowest (9.57 ± 4.05 MPa), with Tukey significance only seen between these groups (p = 0.009). A two-way ANOVA showed a significant material effect on SBS (p = 0.002), whereas dentin pretreatment (p = 0.185) and material × pretreatment interaction (p = 0.719) were not significant. In conclusion, although Er:YAG irradiation modified dentin morphology and surface chemistry, dentin pretreatment had no statistically significant effect on SBS. Phosphoric acid etching nonetheless remained the most consistent conditioning approach in descriptive terms, as irradiated-and-etched dentin achieved SBS values comparable to etched-only dentin, whereas irradiation alone yielded the lowest descriptive values. This observation should be confirmed by studies incorporating thermocycling, long-term storage, and fatigue loading.

Objectives: To assess, firstly, the impact of three sintering speeds on translucency and grain size of 3.5Y‐TZP zirconia (Katana HT) across clinically relevant thicknesses, and secondly, the effect of thermocycling on translucency. Materials and Methods: Disc specimens were fabricated at six thicknesses (0.7–2.0 mm) and sintered using SLOW (7 h), FAST (90 min), or UHSS (18 min) protocols. Translucency (TP ₀₀ , TP _ab ) was calculated after color measurements with a VITA Easyshade V on white and black background before and after thermocycling ( n = 15). Grain size and crystalline composition were assessed was analyzed using SEM images (linear intercept). The effects of thickness, sintering, and thermocycling were quantified using a three‐way ANOVA with η2a linear mixed‐effects model with specimen as a random factor and partial η ² . Results: Thickness was the primary factor determining translucency ( pη ² = 0.97, p < 0.001). In addition, the sintering protocol had a statistically significant, but limited effect ( pη ² = 0.360.29). FAST produced higher translucency than UHSS ( p = 0.01)Sintering protocols resulted in statistically significative translucency differences, yet within the acceptability thresholds (ΔTP ₀₀ < 2.627). The effects of thermocycling were negligible ( pη ² < 0.001 = 0.003). Grain size decreased with faster sintering ( p < 0.05), with no SEM‐detected degradation after thermocycling. Crystalline composition was affected by sintering protocol. The effects of thermocycling were negligible for all outcomes. Conclusions: Considering the 3.5Y‐TZP zirconia composition and the furnace specificity, translucency was predominantly influenced by thickness, while sintering speed exhibited minimal clinical impact. UHSS enables major time reduction without compromising optical performance. Clinical Significance: Within the limitations of this in vitro study and within the tested furnace systems, ultra‐high‐speed sintering protocolUHSS allowed a substantial reduction in 3.5Y‐TZP processing time while maintaining translucency within clinically acceptable thresholds. Ultra‐high‐speed sintering protocols for 3.5Y–TZP restorations, appear to be a promising solution, reducing processing time while maintaining translucency within clinically acceptable thresholds. Restoration thickness remains the primary design parameter for achieving desired translucency.

Failure mode analysis after shear bond strength testing is essential for evaluating adhesive performance yet remains highly subjective when relying solely on optical microscopy. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a convolutional neural network (CNN) for automated failure mode classification after shear bond strength using optical microscopy images, trained on ground truth derived from focus variation profilometry supported by scanning electron microscopy. A dataset of 434 fractured interfaces from shear bond strength tests on human teeth was labeled with optical profilometry validated by scanning electron microscopy. Optical microscopy images were acquired at 100× magnification. A CNN was trained exclusively on optical images to classify failure modes and compared with expert human observers. Classification performance was assessed per the weighted F1 score. The CNN achieved a mean ± SD of 0.893 ± 0.032 across 20 folds. Individual expert observers obtained F1 scores of 0.895, 0.911, and 0.824. When aggregated into a consensus reference, expert agreement reached an F1 score of 0.914. Misclassifications predominantly involved specimens with failure mode proportions close to the predefined threshold separating mixed from predominantly adhesive failures. A CNN trained on profilometry-based ground truth achieved expert-level performance in classifying failure modes from optical microscopy images. This automated approach reduces operator-dependent variability and offers a scalable objective alternative to visual classification, representing a significant advance toward standardizing failure mode analysis in dental adhesion research.

This review summarizes recent advances in biomolecule-mediated exfoliation of graphene and related materials, and discusses their emerging applications in dental medicine. Natural biomolecules, including polyphenols, proteins and polysaccharides, are evaluated as exfoliating agents, emphasizing their influence on the structural and biological properties of graphene and related materials. Particular attention is given to how the synthesis methodologies affects physicochemical properties of the resulting materials and, in turn, biological and mechanical properties. The practical relevance of these materials in dentistry is demonstrated through their applications as functional fillers in dental cements, luting agents, endodontic sealers, and restorative composites, as well as advanced protective coatings for dental substrates and devices. Mechanistic insights into how exfoliation-driven structural modifications dictate material performance in specific dental applications are provided. Collectively, the findings highlight that biomolecule-mediated approaches represent a sustainable, scalable, and versatile strategy for engineering graphene-based materials that simultaneously meet functional requirements and biocompatibility standards essential for successful dental applications.

Objective: This retrospective clinical study aimed to evaluate the survival rates of ceramic laminate veneers in relation to dentin exposure, endodontic treatment, preparation design, and the type of dual‐cure resin cement used. Materials and Methods: A total of 672 veneers were placed in 189 patients and followed for 1 to 15 years. Veneer supporting teeth were categorized after etching based on the degree of dentin exposure into three groups: GA1 (enamel only), GA2 (< 30% dentin), and GA3 (> 30% dentin). Additional variables included endodontic treatment, preparation design, and the resin cement system used. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, Log‐Rank tests ( α = 0.05), and Odds Ratios (ORs) were computed. All procedures were performed by a single clinician, veneers were fabricated by a single ceramist, and the study was performed by a different, single examiner. Results: The cumulative 15‐year estimated survival rate was 96%, mean survival 5.98 years. Veneers in the GA1 group showed an estimated survival rate of 96.7%, compared to 95.3% in GA2 and 93.9% in GA3. A statistically significant difference was found between GA1 and GA3 ( p = 0.033). Endodontically treated teeth and those with dentin exposure exhibited higher risks of failure (OR = 1.68 and 3.47, respectively). Endodontic treatment, preparation design, and resin cement type did not significantly affect survival ( p > 0.05). Conclusions: The extent of dentin exposure significantly impacts the survival of bonded ceramic veneers after 1 to 15 years of follow‐up. Preservation of enamel is critical for optimizing outcomes. Clinical Significance: These findings suggest that meticulous patient selection, preparation techniques, optimal bonding protocols, and bonding exclusively to enamel, whenever possible, are essential for ensuring the clinical success of CLV bonded with dual‐cured resin.

Objectives: The widespread adoption of three-dimensional (3D)-printed resins in restorative dentistry has introduced significant challenges in establishing strong and lasting bonds with resin-based cements. Despite the development of numerous surface treatment techniques designed to improve adhesion, a clear consensus on the most effective approach remains elusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis critically examined the impact of various surface treatment protocols on the bond strength of 3D-printed resins. By comparing treated versus untreated surfaces, the study aimed to determine the most reliable strategies for enhancing adhesion, ultimately offering evidence-based guidance to inform clinical decision-making. Methods: This review identified relevant studies through a comprehensive search of MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, Scielo, Scopus, and EMBASE databases, supplemented by manual reference checks, to identify in vitro studies published up to February 2025. Studies assessing the bonding of 3D-printed resins following various surface treatments and bonding protocols were included. Data on bond strength outcomes, such as shear bond strength, microtensile bond strength, and microshear bond strength, were extracted. Data extraction included study details, type of 3D-printed resin and printing technology, surface treatment protocols, bond strength testing methods, storage conditions, and results. The quality of included studies was assessed using the ROBDEMat tool. Meta-analyses were performed using the Review Manager Software (version 5.4, The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark), with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Statistical heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using the Cochran Q test and the I² inconsistency test. Results: Nine studies met the criteria for qualitative analysis, with eight included in the meta-analysis. The findings revealed that surface treatment protocols significantly enhanced the immediate bond strength to 3D-printed resins (p = 0.01), with only sandblasting and silane demonstrating a statistically significant effect (p < 0.007). Similarly, after aging, surface treatments continued to improve bond strength (p = 0.01), with sandblasting and hydrofluoric acid being the only methods to produce a significant increase in bond strength values (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This meta-analysis underscores the importance of combining mechanical and chemical surface treatments, especially sandblasting and silane application, to achieve reliable and durable bonding to 3D-printed resins.

Objectives: Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a rare benign tumor. Extended aggressive lesions require large resections, which can lead to bone defects and tooth loss. Rehabilitative treatment is necessary to restore good aesthetics and function. However, the protocol for implant treatment post‐CGCG is still unclear. The objective of this scoping review is to shed light on the rehabilitation protocol for CGCG sites by outlining the relevance and timing of implant surgery and prosthetic rehabilitation.Materials and methods: The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses statement and searched databases for data published between 1999 and 2023. The scoping review aimed to answer the question: “In patients with a diagnosed and treated CGCG, able to receive an implant, does the CGCG tumor recur before or after implant surgery”? Only articles that described cases where patients with a diagnosed CGCG received an implant in a site previously affected by CGCG were included.Results: The review describes seven case reports and one case series that discuss implantology‐driven restoration after CGCG exeresis in humans. The patients, aged between 7 and 80 years, underwent surgical removal of CGCG and received implant‐supported prosthetic rehabilitation. A total of 34 implants were placed between 4 and 60 months after the tumor‐resection surgery. No recurring lesions were observed during the follow‐up period, which ranged between 2 and 12 years.Conclusions: Based on the limited evidence available, it appears that implant placement after CGCG removal is safe after a minimum of 4 months of healing. However, further research is necessary to confirm this conclusion.