Sri Pantja Madyawati

Background and Aim: Repeated high-intensity exercise may alter reproductive hormone concentrations and compromise semen quality in performance stallions. L-carnitine participates in mitochondrial energy metabolism and has been investigated for its potential reproductive benefits. However, evidence regarding systemic L-carnitine supplementation in exercised Warmblood stallions remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of intramuscular L-carnitine administration on reproductive hormone concentrations and the quality of fresh and chilled semen in Warmblood stallions subjected to repeated exercise. Materials and Methods: Two clinically healthy, proven fertile Warmblood stallions were enrolled in a preliminary randomized-sequence crossover study. Each stallion underwent three experimental conditions: no exercise or supplementation (negative control), repeated exercise with saline placebo (positive control), and repeated exercise with intramuscular L-carnitine supplementation (6 mg/kg body weight, twice weekly). Each treatment period lasted 8 weeks, with an 8-week washout between periods. Serum luteinizing hormone, also termed interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, and testosterone concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Fresh semen was evaluated for macroscopic characteristics, progressive motility, viability, and plasma membrane integrity. Chilled semen was assessed at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h of storage. Results: Exercise with placebo was associated with lower reproductive hormone concentrations and poorer fresh semen quality than the negative control. L-carnitine supplementation was associated with higher luteinizing hormone (1.79 ± 0.28 vs. 1.12 ± 0.14 ng/mL) and testosterone (1.91 ± 0.26 vs. 1.43 ± 0.12 ng/mL) concentrations than exercise with placebo. Fresh semen progressive motility (73.40 ± 4.68% vs. 60.40 ± 1.47%), viability (80.00 ± 3.74% vs. 68.50 ± 1.77%), and plasma membrane integrity (64.10 ± 3.97% vs. 55.30 ± 1.10%) were also higher during supplementation. At 72 h of chilled storage, progressive motility was 36.92 ± 1.01% with supplementation and 34.79 ± 0.95% with placebo. Semen quality declined during storage under all conditions, with broadly similar proportional reductions. Conclusion: Intramuscular L-carnitine supplementation was associated with more favorable reproductive hormone concentrations and semen quality during repeated exercise. However, including only two stallions limits statistical inference and generalizability. Larger, controlled studies are needed before establishing practical breeding recommendations. Keywords: chilled semen, exercise-induced stress, health, L-carnitine, luteinizing hormone, sperm motility, testosterone, Warmblood stallions.

This study assessed changes in participants’ knowledge following an educational program on duck farm record keeping, animal health management, coop sanitation, and traditional herbal remedies in Palembon Village, Kanor District, Bojonegoro Regency, Indonesia. A one-group pretest–posttest study was conducted on October 17, 2026, involving 34 volunteers aged 18–68 years, comprising 20 men and 14 women. Interactive education covered flock population records, production costs, egg output, profitability, disease prevention, and coop hygiene. Knowledge was assessed before and after the session using a questionnaire containing 10 true-or-false statements. Paired scores were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, with a paired-samples t-test as a supporting analysis. Mean knowledge scores increased from 64.1 ± 15.6 to 75.6 ± 11.9 on a 0–100 scale, with a mean paired increase of 11.5 points (95% confidence interval: 7.81–15.13). The median score increased from 60 to 80. Twenty-two participants (64.7%) improved, 12 (35.3%) had unchanged scores, and none had lower scores. The pretest–posttest difference was statistically significant (W = 0.0; p < 0.001), with a paired standardized effect size of 1.09. The program was associated with immediate knowledge gains, but the uncontrolled design and absence of follow-up prevent conclusions about sustained learning, adoption of husbandry practices, or farm productivity. The educational focus is relevant to Sustainable Development Goals 2 (Zero Hunger) and 4 (Quality Education).

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of nanocalcium oxide derived from layer chicken eggshells as a feed supplement in improving the physical quality of quail eggshells (Coturnix coturnix japonica). A major issue in quail egg production is the thin eggshell, which can reduce durability and overall egg quality. This study employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments: a control group (T0) without nanocalcium oxide supplementation and three experimental groups with increasing doses of nanocalcium oxide (T1: 0.5 g/kg feed, T2: 1 g/kg feed, and T3: 1.5 g/kg feed). The observed parameters included egg weight, eggshell weight, and eggshell thickness. The results showed that the addition of nanocalcium oxide to the feed did not significantly affect quail egg weight or eggshell weight. However, there was a significant difference in eggshell thickness, with the T3 treatment (1.5 g/kg feed) leading to a greater increase in thickness compared to the other treatments. These findings indicate that nanocalcium oxide from layer chicken eggshells has the potential to enhance the physical quality of quail eggshells, particularly by increasing their thickness, which plays a crucial role in improving resistance to physical damage.

This preliminary study investigated associations among reproductive status, ovarian diameter, and Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)-related protein profiles in beef cows. Fifty postpartum cows were classified into two groups: 60 days postpartum (n = 25), and further categorized by reproductive status. Ovarian diameter was measured by ultrasonography, while serum AMH concentration, total protein level, and protein band patterns were evaluated as candidate biomarkers. Cows with normal reproductive status more frequently had ovarian diameters ≥2.0 cm, whereas all cows with reproductive disorders had diameters 60 days postpartum showed significantly higher total protein levels, AMH concentrations, and numbers of protein bands than those <60 days postpartum. Western blot analysis identified a distinct AMH-reactive protein band at approximately 60–70 kDa, representing a potential immunodiagnostic target, although detailed epitope characterization was not performed. These findings suggest that ovarian diameter and circulating AMH may serve as indicators associated with reproductive status and postpartum stage in beef cows. The AMH-reactive band provides preliminary molecular evidence for developing AMH-based immunodiagnostic assays. Further studies should validate specific epitopes, develop targeted antibodies, and evaluate prototype fertility tests for field application.

Background and Aim: Mycotoxin contamination in poultry feed, particularly aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin-A (OTA), induces immunosuppression and compromises vaccine efficacy, leading to substantial economic losses in broiler production. Avian influenza (AI) remains endemic in several poultry-producing regions, where vaccination is the primary control strategy. However, impaired immune responses due to mycotoxin exposure frequently result in vaccination failure. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a combined mycotoxin-detoxifier containing bentonite and Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans in restoring humoral immune responses to AI vaccination and mitigating histopathological lesions in broilers exposed to AFB1 and OTA. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to four groups: negative control (C−), positive control (C+), treatment 1 (T1; 1.1 g/kg detoxifier), and treatment 2 (T2; 1.6 g/kg detoxifier). Groups C+, T1, and T2 received feed contaminated with AFB1 and OTA (0.1 mg/kg each). Birds were vaccinated against AI at 7 days with a booster at 21 days. Antibody titers were measured by hemagglutination inhibition at 14, 21, 28, and 35 days. Histopathological evaluations of the proventriculus and bursa of Fabricius were conducted on day 35. Parametric and non-parametric statistical analyses were applied with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Antibody titers were significantly reduced in the mycotoxin-exposed group (C+) compared to the negative control (C−) at all post-vaccination time points. Supplementation with the detoxifier significantly improved antibody titers, particularly in T2, with values comparable to those of the negative control. Histopathological analysis revealed severe inflammatory cell infiltration, oxyntico-peptic cell necrosis, and degeneration in C+, whereas T1 and T2 groups demonstrated significant amelioration of lesions, with T2 showing the greatest protective effect. Similarly, lymphoid follicle depletion and necrosis in the bursa of Fabricius were markedly reduced in detoxifier-treated groups. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation with a mycotoxin-detoxifier, particularly at 1.6 g/kg, effectively mitigates the immunosuppressive effects of AFB1 and OTA, enhances humoral responses to AI vaccination, and reduces histopathological damage in broilers. This strategy represents a practical and effective approach to improving poultry health and vaccine performance under mycotoxin-contaminated conditions. Keywords: aflatoxin B1, avian influenza, bentonite, broiler chickens, humoral immunity, mycotoxin-detoxifier, ochratoxin-A, Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans.

This study evaluated the effect of Phyllanthus niruri combined with B-complex vitamins and vitamin C administered through drinking water on the growth performance and meat lipid profile of broilers. A total of 200 male broiler chicks (Cobb-500) were randomly allocated to five treatment groups (T0, T1, T2, T3, and T4) with supplementation levels of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 g/L of drinking water, respectively. Each group contained four replicates of 10 birds each, in a completely randomized design (CRD). The data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 (IBM Corp., USA). The experiment lasted 20 days, from 15 to 35 days of age. The results showed significantly higher weight gain (p<0.05) and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p<0.05) in the T2, T3, and T4 groups compared with the T0 and T1 groups. Regarding the lipid profile, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly increased (p<0.05) in the T3 and T4 groups compared with the remaining groups. Conversely, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, and total cholesterol were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the T0 group compared with all other groups. In conclusion, supplementation with Phyllanthus niruri and vitamins improved growth performance and the lipid profile of broiler meat. The optimal response was achieved at 3 g/L of drinking water, suggesting that this phytogenic-vitamin combination is a promising nutritional strategy for producing healthier broiler meat.

Tourism exerts a multidimensional influence on the well-being of communities in destination areas, encompassing economic, sociocultural, and environmental dimensions. This study aims to identify the key factors contributing to local community well-being and evaluate whether dependence on tourism has a measurable effect. A quantitative approach was employed using structured surveys involving 398 respondents from Karang Sidemen Village, Bali. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, multiple linear regression, and independent t-tests. The findings reveal that the economic impact is perceived as the most substantial contributor to well-being, followed by sociocultural and environmental aspects. The regression results indicate that economic, sociocultural, and environmental factors exert an equally significant influence (β = 0.333), whereas community attitudes, behavioral involvement, and tourism dependency show no statistical significance. Additionally, no significant difference in well-being was found between individuals reliant on tourism and those with alternative livelihoods (p = 0.506). These results underscore the importance of equitable and sustainable tourism development policies, emphasizing inclusive economic benefit distribution, cultural preservation, and responsible environmental management to ensure long-term community well-being and sustainability.

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has been identified as a potential biomarker for assessing ovarian reserve and reproductive capacity in cattle, with high heritability and relatively stable expression. However, studies detecting AMH mRNA in bovine serum remain scarce due to the matrix’s inherently low RNA yield, susceptibility to degradation, and potential presence of PCR inhibitors. This study provides an exploratory validation of AMH mRNA detection in serum — a challenging matrix compared with ovarian tissue — using EvaGreen-based reverse transcriptase–quantitative PCR (RT–qPCR). Specific primers for the AMH and β-actin genes were designed in silico and validated through melting curve analysis and linearity testing. The results showed high amplification efficiency (AMH: 100.2%, R² = 0.994; β-actin: 109.1%, R² = 0.996), with specific amplification of both targets. AMH detection in serum samples was successful in some samples, while the β-actin gene was consistently amplified as a reference gene. Despite the low RNA quality from serum and the presence of organic contaminants, the method demonstrated its feasibility for detecting AMH transcripts in a minimally invasive manner. Physiologically, AMH levels positively correlate with antral follicle count, superovulation success, and embryo quality, and are sensitive to heat stress and other environmental factors. These findings provide a foundational basis for developing molecular diagnostic approaches based on AMH gene expression in cattle reproductive management programs and support the future development of efficient, accurate, and context-specific biomolecular-assisted selection technologies for tropical livestock systems.

Natural disasters in Indonesia result in significant material and nonmaterial losses. According to the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB), disasters in 2021 have caused 709 deaths, 73 missing persons, and displaced 583,840 people. Post-disaster recovery efforts, including economic assistance, are essential for restoring people’s livelihoods. The implementation of economic assistance after the Mount Semeru eruption in the Lumajang Regency included several stages: preparation, socialization and location survey, group formation, technical guidance, provision of stimulant assistance, exit strategy planning, and monitoring and evaluation. As a result, two livestock groups were established in the Bumi Semeru Damai permanent housing area, each consisting of 10 members and legally recognized by a village decree. These groups successfully carried out daily livestock management, enhanced productivity and welfare, improved market access, and increased the understanding of livestock product marketing. The initiative fostered sustainability and independence, with the groups evolving into leading livestock centers specializing in goats in the Lumajang Regency. Critical factors supporting sustainability included a sufficient supply of animal feed that met nutritional requirements. This economic assistance program played a vital role in revitalizing the local economy by utilizing local commodities, forming community-based economic institutions, and strengthening local capacities through a disaster risk reduction approach. In addition, the program secured local government and stakeholder support, contributing to long-term recovery and alignment with sustainable regional development. This case highlights the importance of integrated economic recovery programs in post-disaster contexts for building resilience and improving community welfare.

Background: The Postgraduate School strives to establish itself as a world-class institution with a significant global impact. To achieve this vision, it has forged partnerships with regional leaders, emphasizing community service. Our latest initiative, "Community Empowerment of Dairy Cattle Breeders in Selingkar Wilis, Trenggalek Regency," aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Objective: This initiative aims to empower the community in the Wilis region by providing training in dairy cattle reproduction and production. Method: The program is implemented in two key stages: (1) Offering guidance and training to dairy farmers, and (2) Monitoring and evaluating the outcomes. We measure knowledge gains through assessments conducted before and after the training sessions. Results: Evaluations indicated a significant improvement in dairy farmers' understanding of reproductive health management and the control of Foot and Mouth Disease in their cattle. Conclusion: This initiative has successfully enhanced the skills of breeders in the Wilis area, equipping them to address reproductive issues and manage Foot and Mouth Disease, thereby supporting the agricultural community in Trenggalek Regency.