A. S. Seregin

Оборудование с дизельными двигателями эксплуатируется на всех предприятиях горнодобывающей промышленности. Большое значение имеет самоходный дизельный транспорт в угольных шахтах, так как он используется для облегчения тяжести труда работников, а именно для транспортировки материалов и людей, крепления горных выработок, заправки и ремонта оборудования, что в свою очередь приводит к повышению скорости проходческих работ. При использовании дизельных двигателей в угольных шахтах должно быть подано дополнительное количество свежего воздуха для разбавления выхлопных выбросов при сгорании топлива в двигателях. Согласно требованиям в России, норматив подачи свежего воздуха в шахтах составляет 5 м3/мин на 1 л.с. двигателя внутреннего сгорания. Моделирование процесса распространения выхлопных газов при движении дизель-гидравлических локомотивов показало, что этот норматив завышен, и может быть снижен до 3,6 м3/мин на 1 л.с. За счет введения биодобавок в дизельное топливо количество угарного газа, углекислого газа и оксидов азота снижается более чем на 20% по сравнению с использованием стандартного гидроочищенного топлива, что обосновывает возможность еще большего снижения количества подаваемого свежего воздуха для разбавления отходящих...

One of the most acute problems when working in the coal mines is the gas contamination of air with harmful substances. There are several regulatory documents that regulate the content of carbon oxides, nitrogen, hydrocarbons and other harmful compounds in the air of the coal mines working area. The most common method for reducing harmful compounds in the air of the mine working area when operating diesel locomotives is to dilute the mine air with the clean one to the required concentrations, but effectively apply this method is not possible at all the sites of the mine. There is a need to develop a method for reducing the concentration of toxic substances in the air of the working area without supplying an additional volume of fresh air. One of the ways to improve the composition of the exhaust gases is to change the composition of the diesel fuel used by introducing environmentally friendly components and bioadditives that allow the most complete combustion of fuel and the conversion of carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide. The process of transformation of fatty organic acids into the groups of esters having a low molecular weight is the basis for obtaining the developed bioadditives. Environmentally friendly additives were obtained from the renewable raw materials, namely, from various oily crops grown in the territory of Russia. The introduction of bioadditives in diesel fuel, the main components of which are esters, mainly reduces the emissions of harmful substances. When using such environmentally friendly fuel compared to the hydrotreated diesel fuel, the concentrations of carbon oxides and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases are reduced by 16–70 and 6–26 %, respectively. Use of bioadditives as part of hydrotreated diesel fuel during operation of self-propelled diesel equipment in the coal mines makes it possible to bring the concentration of harmful substances in the exhaust gases to the required standards. The proposed composition is recommended for further tests in the production conditions of JSC SUEK-Kuzbass coal mines.

The article addresses the issue of the enhancement of efficiency in pre-mining drainage of unloaded coal bed methane with a view to improving the coal mine safety and increasing the face output. The coal mining industry in Russia is one of the backbones of the national economy. A distinctive feature of mining to date is deterioration of operating conditions: deep level of mining, increased gas content of coal beds, as well as increased gas inflow from enclosing rocks and growth of outburst hazard with the depth of coal mining. Majority of fatal large accidents in mines were caused by methane explosions due to high methane content of coal beds under mining and owing to erratic ventilation of roadways. High explosibility of air and methane mixture makes coalbed methane one of the key hazards for mining and a constraint for using modern high-production equipment. Enhancement of mining efficiency is possible through introduction of new technologies based on the estimation of the entire production chain and on the implementation of measures aimed at improvement of mine performance and personnel training quality. The article describes the method of an unloaded coal bed treatment by hydraulic perturbation created at the mouth of a hole drilled from a gateway. Such treatment increases gas permeability of coal. The pulsed hydrodynamic impact is exerted on the unloaded coal bed in the course of coalbed drainage. The authors analyze the results of the experiment carried out in Boldyrevsky coal bed in Kirov Mine (Leninsk-Kuznetsky, Russia). The goal of the analysis is to improve coalbed drainage efficiency by means of selecting proper parameters of the hydraulic pulsed treatment.