Brancilene Santos de Araujo

Plants are important sources of secondary metabolites responsible for various biological activities. In this research, was evaluated the effect action ethyl acetate fraction of Syzygium cumini leaves (Sc-AcOEt) in the antimicrobial activity, contractile and electrical effects in isolated rat hearts and the chemical characterization. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the disk-diffusion method and the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration. The contractile and electrical effects were tested using the Langendorf method. The chemical characterization was evaluated through quantification and HPLC analyzes. P. aeruginosa was not viable in any concentration of the fraction (MIC 0,125 mg/mL), while S. aureus showed a MIC of 0.5 mg/mL. K. pneumoniae and E. coli had the highest MIC (1 mg/mL). A reduction in LVDP was observed after heart perfusion with 0.1 mg/mL of Sc-AcOEt. No change was observed in the duration of systole and diastole at all concentrations and in the electrocardiographic parameters. Total phenols, total flavonoids and total flavonols contents of Sc-AcOEt, calculated from the respective calibration curves, were 21.556µg/mg AGE, 617.222µg/mg QE and 315,222µg/mg RE, respectively. In addition, the HPLC analysis of Sc-AcOEt showed the presence of gallic acid, quercetin-3-glucoside, naringin and myricetin as main components. Thus, the Sc-AcOEt has important antimicrobial and cardiac activities possibly due to its chemical constituents.

A Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels é uma importante espécie da família Myrtaceae, por causa dos seus diferentes destinos na medicina popular. Devido a sua alta atividade biológica, o jambolão tem sido muito estudado ultimamente. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ação antimicrobiana e analisar a citotoxicidade do extrato e frações da S. cumini. Primeiramente realizou-se testes fitoquímicos de reconhecimento dos metabólitos secundários presente no extrato, com posterior teste de difusão em disco para investigar a capacidade de inibição do crescimento bacteriano do extrato frente às bactérias gram-negativas Klebsiella pneumoniae Escherichia coli e gram-positiva, Streptococcus mutans. A microemulsão foi produzida a partir de testes físico-químicos e a citotoxicidade fora realizada em células do tipo fibroblastos. A prospecção fitoquímica do extrato hidroetanólico obteve a presença de metabólitos secundários, tais como: Flabobênicos, Flavonas, Flavonois, Xantonas, Flavononois, Leucoantrocianidinas, Catequinas, Esteroides e Saponinas. A fração ativa do extrato, neste caso Acetato de Etila, inibiu o crescimento bacteriano, sendo incorporada à microemulsão, que também apresentou atividade antimicrobiana, possibilitando a formulação do produto.

Abarema cochliacarpos é uma espécie endêmica do Brasil, pertence à família Fabaceae e é conhecida popularmente como barbatimão, estando presente na caatinga e cerrado brasileiro. Em Sergipe, seu uso é em forma de chás para atividades anti-inflamatória e cicatrizante. Como objetos deste estudo foram utilizados as folhas do vegetal a fim de conhecer qualitativamente os constituintes químicos das frações obtidas a partir do extrato bruto: fração clorofórmica (FCL), fração hexânica (FHX), fração acetato de etila (FAE) e fração hidrometanólica (FHM) através da prospecção fitoquímica por ensaios colorimétricos, sendo detectada a presença de metabólitos secundários como fenóis, taninos, flavonóis, catequinas, esteroides, triterpenóides e saponinas. Na análise antimicrobiana apenas duas frações apresentaram halos de inibição. A FAE para as cepas de Staphylococcus aureus (19,3 mm), Enterococcus durans hirae (10 mm), Escherichia coli derivada (9,6 mm) e Pseudomonas aeruginosa derivada (15 mm), e a FCL para a cepa E. durans hirae (9 mm). Na concentração inibitória mínima (MIC) a FAE sobressaiu-se com 12,5 µg.mL-1 para a S. aureus e E. durans, enquanto a FCL obteve 25 µg.mL-1 para E. durans. Quanto à análise citotóxica, a FAE nas concentrações testadas não favoreceu a viabilidade celular em 75%, apresentando capacidade antiproliferativa, exceto a FLC a 20 µg.mL-1. A FAE e FCL apresentaram propriedades antioxidantes e obtiveram efeito antimicrobiano, além de possuírem metabólitos que corroboram com essas funções.

Abarema cochliocarpa is an endemic plant of Brazil and has been traditionally used as a popular medicine to treat various diseases and mostly as a healing agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the healing effect of the microemulsion containing hydrometanic fraction of the inner bark (HMF) of the plant, as well as its antioxidant, antitumor and cytotoxic potential. The cytotoxicity of HMF was assessed by the viability of J774 macrophages cells and the antiproliferative activity in lines of human tumor cells. The antioxidant capacity of the formulation was evaluated in vitro by the ability to scavenge the DPPH and the healing effect was evaluated in Rattus novergicus in 7, 14, 21 days. The HMF significantly favored the viability of J774 macrophages in all tested concentrations and it was dose-dependent. The antiproliferative potential of FHM against human tumor cells was not satisfactory. This formulation presented CE50 of 24.87 ± 0.62 µg.mL-1, and healing effect of 55.18 and 100% of wound retraction up to the 7th and 21st days of treatment, respectively. The bioactive compound of HMF isolated by HPLC was identified by 1H and 13C NMR and by literature data as (+)-catechin. The formulation has curative effect. It can be concluded that the phenolic compounds act in the reduction of oxidative stress and contribute to faster healing. Key words: Antioxidant, phenolic compound, formulation, healing.

Caatinga biome features species with high therapeutic potential such as Aroeira do Sertão (Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão) which has long history in folk medicine. This study aimed to chemically characterize the secondary metabolites of hydroethanolic extract and hexane, chloroform, acetate, hydroethanolic fractions from Myracrodruon urundeuva (Allemão) possibly responsible antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, besides to evaluate the inotropic effect of crude extract in the left atrium of Cavia porcellus. Phytochemical composition was evaluated by spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant activity was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hidrazyl (DPPH•) scavenging and reactive substances to thiobarbituric acid methods. Inotropic effect was evaluated using the isolated organ model. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM and differences determined by ANOVA followed by Tukey test. Phytochemical screening and the HPLC confirmed the presence of flavonoids, terpenes, tannins. Acetate and Hydroethanolic extract showed inhibition of DPPH values of 81.56 and 93.28% respectively. On the other hand, TBARS reduced in extract were 64.13% in a concentration of 150 µg/mL. Hydroethanolic extract and acetate fraction with concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/mL showed inhibition zones between 11.00 and 20.50 mm suggesting antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria and Candida albicans. The isolated atrium model demonstrated that the extract acts non-competitively antagonizing muscle calcium currents, decreasing the force of contraction by about 60%. Flavonoids, terpenes and tannins are responsible for M. urundeuva (Allemão) biological effects. Key words: Myracrondruon urundeuva, chemical composition, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, inotropic effect.

This study investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects from the inner bark of Mimosa tenuiflora. The hydroethanol extract (HEE) and its hexane (HXF), chloroform (CLF), ethyl acetate (EAF) and hydromethanol (HMF) fractions were prepared and submitted to phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity. In vivo anti-inflammatory effect was investigated by using 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced edema and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in mice ears. Phytochemical prospection of HEE revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, xantones, triterpenes, esteroids and phenols. Higher total phenol content was found in EAF and higher percentages of inhibition of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free DPPH radical were found for HEE, EAF or HMF. Lipid peroxidation (LP) induced by 2,2'-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) was greatly inhibited by HEE or EAF, while inhibition of FeSO4 - induced LP was higher for HMF. The coadministration of HEE (1 or 3 mg/ear) decreased edema (p<0.001) and MPO activity (p<0.05). All fractions reduced mice ear edema at the same extent, however, while EAF and HMF reduced MPO activity in mice ear at both 1 and 3 mg/ear (p<0.001 and p<0.05 respectively), CLF only at 3 mg/ear (p<0.05) and HXF did not affect this parameter. Taken together, these results demonstrate that inner bark of M. tenuifolia possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Key words: Mimosa tenuiflora, oxidative stress; inflammation, edema, myeloperoxidase activity.

Bowdichia virgilioides is used by the population for treating inflammation in general. This study evaluated the antinociceptive activity and possible mechanisms of action of hydroethanolic extract (HEE) and hexane (HXF), chloroform (CLF), ethyl acetate (EAF) and hydromethanol (HMF) fraction of HEE obtained from the plant stem bark against orofacial pain, as well as in vitro its antioxidant effect on the scavenging of free radical DPPH•. The antioxidant activity of the extract and fractions was evaluated against DPPH• at concentrations of 5, 15, and 25 μg.mL-1 for each sample studied, with gallic acid used as positive control. The absorbance decrease was spectrophotometrically measured at 515 nm up to 60 min to obtain the percentage of inhibition of the free radical. The antinociceptive activity was investigated in Swiss mice treated orally with HEE, EAF and HMF (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) and morphine (5 mg/kg), using formalin, glutamate and capsaicin orofacial pain models. HEE, EAF and HMF showed the best results regarding the reduction of the DPPH radical (25 μg/mL, 60 min), with percent inhibition of 42.89, 78.52 and 54.96%, respectively. HEE, EAF and HMF significantly (p < 0.001) reduced orofacial nociception in mice in the first (56, 49 and 19%, respectively) and second phases (61, 71 and 69%, respectively) of the formalin pain model, as well as glutamate (82, 69 and 39%, respectively) and capsaicin (49, 68 and 64%, respectively) assays. Animals showed no significant changes in motor performance after treatment with HEE, EAF and HMF in the Rota rod test. In general, the potential of B. virgilioides to treat orofacial pain in its central and peripheral components was confirmed, with HEE, EAF and HMF (mainly at 200 and 400 mg/kg) showing antinociceptive effect in three different orofacial pain models related to opioid, glutamatergic and vanilloid receptors. In addition, it is also possible that their antioxidant activity may be related to the observed antinociceptive effect by reducing the biosynthesis of ROS and other inflammatory mediators. Key words: Bowdichia virgilioides; black sucupira; antioxidant activity; orofacial pain; antinociception; free radical.