Felipe Rafael Valle Díaz

The purpose was to describe and illustrate the characteristics that give sustainability to the use of the ecotourism microcircuit Hatun ñan orqupi Lamcama. The design is non-experimental, linked to the case study design. The sample was the closed circuit of ecotourism resources located in Llamcama’s town. The method applied was on-site with the satellite capture support for orientation, location of resources, and mapping of trails, added to assess the vulnerability of ecotourism resources, use of the interview technique. Sustainability focuses on: (a) organizing local tour operators, who could serve a maximum of 80 visitors a day and 400 visitors a week, at a ticket cost of 5 PEN per visitor, total revenue per week and month, will be: 2000 PEN and 8000 PEN respectively; (b) accessibility is good to moderate in high season, changing to low in rainy season; (c) the security in the transfer and internal route is high, the signaling exists; d) the resources are characterized by being geometric shapes or anthropomorphic or zoomorphic approximation in the relief, caused by the forces of rain and wind; added to cave formations.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the ecotourism resources of the Ccenhua and Llamcama Stone Forest type, located in the Apurímac region, provinces of Chincheros and Andahuaylas. The objective was to describe and argue the barriers that prevent the recovery of Stone Forest type enterprises in the Peruvian Andean zone. Located in the qualitative approach, basic type, case study design. The sample was physical spaces with shapes in the rocks, caused by wind and water forces with native flora and fauna, presenting a differentiated landscape, minimally altered by the anthropic factor. The barriers are: a) the aversion of the members of the farming community to strengthening greater business opportunities and developing the ecotourism resource; b) ecological economic zoning, which could support the use of tourist resources, with various limitations; c) the business culture of the tour operators, regarding maintaining the organization and adapting to the trends in the nearby support plant, d) the inclination towards informal mining for income and complement for tourist activity, e) at a strategic level and tactical, the moderate importance of developing the tourism sector in its types from regional and local intervention policies and projects. The consequences are: a) the oblivion and progressive deterioration of the ventures in ecotourism circuits, disappearing demand, b) dead capital, due to the failure to develop the ecotourism circuit, c) strengthening of poverty in the territories where the venture existed. ecotouristic.

The purpose of this article is to reflect on the sustainability of informal artisanal mining in the Peruvian Andean area until the year 2022. The research is basic and non-experimental in design and ex post facto in scope. The sample consisted of crime prevention statistics on socio-environmental conflict from guardianship institutions and a television program on mining. Our research procedure focused on gathering secondary information for a documentary review analysis based on past proven and disseminated facts. Informal artisanal mining is strengthened in the Peruvian Andean area due to the following influencing factors: support represented as the social license granted by communal assemblies; the flexibility of governmental management in relaxing compliance related to formalization and preventive laws regarding environmental protection; the resistance to formalization and the 50% increase in socio-environmental conflict; and the 25% increase in production costs related agricultural activities, which promotes the displacement towards mining activities. The environmental sustainability consequences are as follows: limited reconversion of agricultural land-use change in one-third of the communal territories at the headwaters of the basin, which generates the displacement of environmentally friendly economic activity, and a parallel positive action is the impossibility of modification or intervention affecting water surfaces and wetlands due to communal agreements that mining companies must respect during operation.

Publicado em 03 de agosto de 2023. A coletânea ‘La Producción de Conocimiento en las Ciencias Sociales Aplicadas 2’ é composta por 09 (nove) capítulos produtos de pesquisa, revisão de literatura, relato de experiência, dentre outros. Os textos possuem vinculação com as temáticas de educação, processo migratório, mineração artesanal, agricultura, desenvolvimento econômico e tecnológico, como veremos adiante. Os seis primeiros artigos são oriundos do México, o sétimo do Peru, o oitavo da Venezuela e nono da Colômbia. Produto de pesquisa, o primeiro capítulo, apresenta os resultados da análise das estratégias, técnicas e métodos de ensino nas modalidades presencial e online junto aos alunos dos cursos de bacharelado em Administração e Marketing de um Centro Universitário durante o ano de 2022 e como estes impactaram no desenvolvimento de habilidades e conhecimento acadêmico. Produto de tese de doutorado, o segundo capítulo, discute a inserção da mulher mexicana no mercado de trabalho e o processo de desenvolvimento de sua autonomia no contexto dos cenários políticos e acadêmicos internacionais sobre os fluxos migratórios e a presença das mulheres nesse cenário. O terceiro capítulo, discute a educação para os jovens mexicanos e como esta amplia as chances de acesso ao emprego mediante a utilização de indicadores, apresentando os resultados da análise. O quarto capítulo, por sua vez, discute a questão camponesa no México e os impactos do capitalismo na agricultura. O quinto capítulo, discute os impactos da regulamentação na produtividade, no empreendedorismo, na inovação e criação de postos de trabalho. Já o sexto capítulo, que discute as conexões entre economia, tecnologia e instituições, para uma nova orientação na empesa, utilizando a inovação tecnológica que permitem aos agentes econômicos fazer mais com menos. Produto de pesquisa qualitativa no formato de estudo de caso, o sétimo capítulo, por sua vez, discute o setor de mineração artesanal frente as ações do Plano de Desenvolvimento Combinado da região de Apurímac/Peru de 2017 a 2021. Decorrente de produto de pesquisa, o oitavo capítulo, apresenta proposta de programa que permitiria otimizar estratégias metacognitivas durante o processo de avaliação formativa em uma universidade e suas possibilidades para o desenvolvimento das necessidades individuais e suas potencialidades nos processos cognitivos. E finalmente, o nono capítulo, discute a viabilidade de implementação de redes ad hoc para a criação de um sistema precoce de alerta precoce descentralizado para antecipação de ocorrência de terremotos. Soraya Araujo Uchoa Cavalcanti

The purpose was to reflect on the sustainability of artisanal and informal mining in the Peruvian Andean zone by 2022. The type of research was basic, non-experimental design, ex post facto scope. The sample consisted of: statistics on crime prevention due to socio-environmental conflicts from the National Prosecutor's Office and the Ombudsman's Office, reports of interventions targeted at artisanal and informal miners. The procedure focused on gathering secondary information for a documentary review analysis that is based on proven and disseminated past facts. Artisanal and informal mining is strengthened in the Peruvian Andean zone by incidence and force: 1) the social license and agreements by community assembly, 2) the flexibility in compliance with the formalization, preventive and environmental protection laws, 3) the 50% increase in socio-environmental conflict due to mining activity, 4) a 25% progressive increase in the production costs of agricultural and livestock activities. The direct consequences on environmental sustainability are: 1) the delimited reconversion of the change in agricultural land use in a third of the communal territories in basin headwaters; 2) displacement of environmentally friendly economic activity by 20% in basin headwaters; 3) the impossibility of modification or intervention in water surfaces, bofedales by communal agreements.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir la desintegración de operadores turísticos en la ruta ecoturística “Hatun ñan orqupi pampachiri”. Investigación de enfoque cualitativo, tipo básica, diseño no experimental, estudio de caso. La muestra estuvo conformada por 7 operadores turísticos del poblado de Huaccoto y 3 del poblado de Llamcama, cuyos criterios de inclusión fueron tener en operación mínimo dos años y el emprendimiento a nivel familiar. Las técnicas e instrumentos utilizados fueron el análisis revisión documentaria, la observación y la entrevista. La desintegración de los operadores turísticos, se soporta en los problemas de saneamiento físico-legal de la comunidad campesina internos y externos; en el conflicto socio territorial sobre los interés, posiciones de riqueza por grupos familiares y amicales adversos a consolidar una administración local mediante una asociación única; la débil presencia de la gestión del municipio local y el predominio de operadores turísticos no asociados en el rubro transporte-guiado, que no garantiza la sostenibilidad de los recursos turísticos.

The general objective was: to demonstrate and illustrate the viability of the ecotourism micro-corridor “Hatun ñan ccocha kunaman”, Apurimac región, Peru. The área includes four hydrographic micro-basins, on average they are 60,000 hectares. The population and sample is directed, it is a geomorphological system: the formation of the terrestrial relief by the action of rain, wind and tectonic forcé, as well as wáter surfaces, which can be exploited and used by human intervention for its landscape and species of flor and fauna, located between 3,900 to 4,600 masl. Desing and level descriptive. There is feasibility the sections present an intensity of average fatigue of walking, which is pronounced when it eceeds from 5 kilograms above the average height; in addition, complementary services such as muleteering, food, staging of rituals and dances can be offered. The construction of infrastructure, with materials from the área, is for leisure or rest, higiene services in the sections, whose construction does not alter the landscape. The activities that can be developed are: hikking, trekking, camping, mountaineering, fishing in a fish farm. The Price of 84 pen (soles) Will allow to offer service of mínimum services. The Project is profitable, at an opportunity cos trate of 20%, over ten years, it yields a positive result of s/. 72,351.00 pence (soles).

El objetivo fue detallar sobre la relación entre la misión desarrollada por el servicio de limpieza en respuesta a la emergencia sanitaria en la municipalidad provincial de Andahuaylas, región Apurímac, 2020-2021. La investigación se ubicó en el enfoque cuantitativo de tipo básica, de alcance correlacional, La población fueron 86 y la muestra 77 trabajadores, se excluyeron aquellos que se encontraron con licencia por salud o en goce de vacaciones. Conclusión: existe una relación moderada entre la misión del servicio de limpieza y las acciones de emergencia sanitaria, cuyo nivel de significancia bilateral menor a 0.05, lo que significa que el p valor fue 0.000 < 0.05, por lo que se establece que: “a una mayor planificación, estandarización de tareas y procedimientos para cumplir la misión del servicio de limpieza pública, ello permitirá un mayor y mejor cumplimiento de las acciones de emergencia sanitaria”. Los resultados de la relación entre los elementos: planificación y la estandarización de tareas y procedimientos con las acciones de emergencia sanitaria, todos alcanzaron un nivel de significancia bilateral menor a 0.05, lo que significa que el p valor fue 0.000 < 0.05, los datos provienen de la muestra, y sostienen el resultado general. Sin embargo, a pesar del bajo nivel de estandarización de tareas y procedimientos, ello no debilitó alcanzar cumplir con las acciones de emergencia sanitaria.