Hyunsoo Lee

Elderly nursing homes in South Korea are vulnerable to evacuation in emergency situations such as fires. There are many elderly residents with reduced self-walking ability, so if a disaster such as a fire occurs, it is very likely to lead to a large number of human injuries. In elderly nursing homes, it is impossible for many elderly people to evacuate voluntarily without the help of staff. Therefore, it is very important to guide the behavior of staff when evacuating. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of evacuation behavior of staff on evacuation time in a fire emergency in an elderly nursing home by adopting an agent-based simulation approach. The effect of staff evacuation behavior on the evacuation time was investigated based on the results of a new agent-based evacuation simulation model. In the simulation model, there are conditions for caregivers to designate and evacuate the elderly, as well as to set the evacuation priority for the elderly. The results of this study show that having the elderly occupants designated by the staff according to their zones and evacuating them together was the most important in reducing the evacuation time. This study contributes to a new agent-based evacuation simulation model by confirming whether the evacuation behavior of employees affects the evacuation time.

From the perspective of human-centered urban planning, walkability is a crucial concept for enhancing the quality of the neighborhood environment experienced in day-today life. Commercial facilities have the greatest impact on a walkable neighborhood environment. However, few studies analyzed the walkable environment's characteristics in consideration of local businesses' economic growth. This study aims to classify commercial areas according to vitality level and to analyze the correlation between store density and walkability factors through a case study on Seongsu district, Seoul, a commercial district where small businesses are growing. First, a Geographic Information System (GIS) based hotspot analysis is performed using the commercial area vitality index to select a target area for the case study. Second, through the Seongsu district case study, the walkability features of the cluster at the street level are evaluated and compared based on 3D (density, diversity, design). The results show that store density is correlated with walkability factors in growing commercial areas, and that there are distinct spatial differences depending on the factors. Based on this study's results, it is possible to propose a combination of a multi-use main street, a commercial street close to life, and a specialized street adjacent to green spaces.

This study aims to compare the hotel space consumption of Generation MZ before and after COVID-19 through the analysis of Instagram posts. After the outbreak of COVID-19, various offline spaces, especially hotels, are facing a crisis from a considerable decrease in tourists. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has changed consumption behavior and hotel preferences. As this “new normal” is expected to continue to evolve even after the pandemic eases, it is important to analyze the changes in customers’ hotel consumption behavior with the outbreak of COVID-19. To do so, this study adopted an approach utilizing social big data. A Python web crawler was developed using several open-source libraries. The dataset was prepared from a total of 41,743 posts, including 24,163 posts written 1.5 years before the COVID-19 outbreak and 17,580 posts written 1.5 years after. From these posts, 49,135 and 31,764 different hashtags, respectively, were analyzed using frequency analysis and semantic network analysis. The results demonstrated that the consumption of hotel space has changed. First, the hocance (hotel+vacance) trend, referring to staying in guestrooms, has grown while the number of travelers has drastically decreased. Second, self-expression and showing-off consumption behavior has decreased. Accordingly, public spaces such as lobbies and lounges used for ostentatious consumption have been integrated with food and beverage facilities such as cafes, and the importance of multi-purpose halls seems to be further strengthened. Finally, the importance of traditional amenities has weakened, while that of experiential content has grown. For hotels to appeal to customers, including Generation MZ, in the future, this study proposes a complex hotel that can flexibly change its existing functions and structures. The information and knowledge gained from this study will contribute to planning a hotel space for the COVID-19 era.

The street space of the external environment can have a direct effect on attracting pedestrians into the interior in the indoor architectural environment. The purpose of this study is to extract images that can give the identity of commercial streets, analyze pedestrian-based pedestrian environment analysis, and analyze of the exterior environment. Street space analysis items were established through previous studies. The survey was conducted based on the analysis frame based on pedestrian, limited space within 500M of Seongsu-dong Yeonmujang-gil, and the analysis method qualitatively evaluated and described items derived from each analysis table. The results of the study are as follows. First, The narrow street space centered on pedestrians can have a higher impact on pedestrians than the road where the wide roadway travels. Second, The image of the street space from the perspective of a pedestrian can be extracted and provided as visual basic data considering pedestrians when designing based on the street space. Third, The environment of pedestrians showed high satisfaction, and accessibility and convenience were measured to be high satisfaction, but comfort, stability, and environment were measured to be low. Fourth, As a result of evaluating the external environmental elements of architecture through diagrams, commercial elements for each space for pedestrians were blocked. This study can contribute the foundation for a pedestrian-centered pedestrian-friendly environment, which is the basis for designing commercial spaces in street spaces in the future.

This study aims at investigating how consumers experience the retail environment visually, thus establishing a foundation for deeper insights into visual merchandising strategies. Specifically, we experimentally recorded and analyzed the visual attention and emotional arousal of the consumers in a test setting and examined the influence of various elements as well as gender differences in the recorded consumer responses. We conducted an experiment utilizing eye-tracking and virtual reality to analyze visual attention and emotional arousal in response to spatial and design elements in an immersive retail environment. We examined real-time measures of consumer interest and emotional responses during the retail experience. Valid gaze data from 24 male and 22 female participants were used for the analysis of total dwell time (TDT), total fixation count (TFC), and average pupil diameter (APD). The visual attention and emotional arousal of consumers showed different responses to specific areas of interest according to different spatial arrangements in the sales and service areas. This study statistically analyzed gender differences in consumer responses and performed a correlation analysis between visual attention and emotional arousal. Our findings provide insight into improving the design of retail environments for target consumers and contribute to building visual merchandising strategies.

Augmented reality is a technology that combines virtual objects in real space to experience as if they exist in real environment, providing presence and immersion. The augmented reality is widely used to maximize consumer experience due to the consumption trend in which consumers" emotions and experiences become important. However AR experience is just used as a one-time experience and the absence of AR content tailored to consumer needs is pointed out as a difficulty. In particular, offline commercial spaces are declining due to increasing of the online shopping and Covid 19. For revitalizing offline shopping stores, the AR experience strategy can be help. The purpose of this paper is to find out the characteristics of consumer experience and AR contents and to suggest a direction for using AR contents to activate commercial spaces. The paper proposed a experience marketing framework of AR experience through theoretical review and prior research on AR and consumer experience. Based on the framework, an analysis of recent cases of augmented reality contents in the brand space was conducted. As a result for increasing the sense of presence to the customer the augmented reality content for experiential marketing should be connected to the sensory experience of space and supported with the experience of fantasy elements. In order to increase a sense of flow, a goal setting and challenge should be given, and there should be much experiences of physical behavior. Lastly, in terms of interaction, a relational experience is needed to increase the social connection of consumers. Also, creating contents are needed including opportunities to express opinions and the process of contributing to design.

In an era of uncertainty in the tourism and hospitality industry, hotels should inevitably provide their unique value attached to their space. In this circumstance, global hospitality groups have been creating lifestyle brands in line with the latest trend. Even with the rapid growth of lifestyle brands, the concept of lifestyle hotels is still vague. Besides, lifestyle hotels, especially in South Korea, tend to be developed as multi-purpose complexes combined with retail. Therefore, lifestyle hotel experiences should be studied with broader perspectives, not solely focusing on its primary function of staying. This study aims to identify factors of lifestyle hotels by analyzing user-created content on Social Media. This research examined images and hashtags on an image-based social media: Instagram. Departing from investigating lifestyle hotel brands in South Korea based on 12,913 hashtags and 565 location analysis of 4,242 lifestyle hotel posts, the contents related to three lifestyle hotels(Hotel Cappuccino, L7, and GLAD) were analyzed. For this, a web crawler was developed with Python. A total of 84,585 hashtags and 52,707 images were analyzed using Vision AI to explore the crucial factors. The results demonstrated that design, facilities, setting, and service factors are the most influential in lifestyle hotels. Also, the lifestyle segment reflects the latest lifestyle and hospitality trends. Based on these results, this study suggests the five main categories of factors for future research: design, facilities, setting, service, and trend. Moreover, this research suggests broader uses of big data and deep learning for deriving the factors that influence the perception and evaluation of hotel spaces.

This study aims to investigate the key attributes of a steadily growing hotel sector (lifestyle hotels), which has shown great success in the global competitive market, by analyzing user-created content on Instagram. The dataset used in this study were prepared from a total of 20,999 lifestyle hotel posts and 24,262 boutique hotel posts created from 2013 to 2020 and retrieved using a Python web crawler. The locations, hashtags, and image data were analyzed based on frequency analysis using social network analysis methods and computer vision technology, after which they were visualized with a geographical information system and Gephi. The results demonstrated that lifestyle hotels share key attributes that differentiate them from others in terms of physical, geospatial, and experiential contexts. Design, location, and management type are the main attributes that comprise the distinct identity of each lifestyle hotel. Moreover, a lifestyle hotel is distinct from a boutique hotel in that staying in the former means consuming experiences with continuous changes. The information and knowledge gained from this research will contribute to bridging the gap between theoretical literature and the practical development of lifestyle hospitality.