Pierre Gautrat

Pierre Gautrat

*This is an algorithmically generated author record based on publicly available information.

Current Organizations / Institutes

The organizations/institutes from the scholar's latest article

Previous Organizations / Institutes

The organizations / institutes from the scholar's other articles in the past ten years


Pierre Gautrat has a total of 25 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:

  • Florian Frugier

    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université d'Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France; Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France

    5 shared publications
  • Carole Laffont

    Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Univ d’Evry, Université de Paris; Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    3 shared publications
  • Ronald Pierik

    Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research , Wageningen

    3 shared publications
  • Andrés Romanowski

    Timing of Environmental Signaling (TimES lab), Molecular Biology Group, Plant Developmental Biology, Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands

    2 shared publications
  • Guido Buijs

    Plant-Environment Signaling, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands

    2 shared publications
  • Sanne E. A. Matton

    Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research , Wageningen

    2 shared publications

Latest Publications

  • Régulation de la nodulation symbiotique fixatrice d’azote par des peptides de signalisation chez Medicago truncatula

    by Pierre Gautrat

    Les plantes bénéficient d’une plasticité développementale assurée par des zones méristématiques actives tout au long de leur cycle de vie afin de s’adapter aux contraintes environnementales. Les parties aériennes et les racines sont chacune soumises à des stimuli environnementaux indépendants qui doivent être intégrés au niveau de la plante entière afin d’assurer une coordination du développement de ces différents organes, impliquant des échanges de signaux à longue distance, dits systémiques. Chez les légumineuses, le système racinaire est non seulement capable de se ramifier en racines latérales, mais est aussi capable de former de nouveaux organes, les nodules fixateurs d’azote atmosphérique, grâce à une symbiose avec des bactéries, appelées rhizobia, lorsque le sol est pauvre en azote minéral. La formation et le maintien de ces nodules sont cependant couteux en énergie et doivent donc être strictement régulés par la plante via des signalisations hormonales afin d’inhiber ou de favoriser la nodulation selon ses besoins. Des hormones peptidiques de la famille CLE (« Clavata3 (CLV3)/Embryo Surrounding Region ») et CEP (« C-terminally Encoded Peptide »), produites dans les racines, ont notamment été identifiées comme jouant respectivement un rôle systémique négatif ou positif sur la nodulation, de manière dépendante des récepteurs SUNN (« Super Numeric Nodules ») et CRA2 (« Compact Root Architecture 2 ») dans les parties aériennes, respectivement. La problématique de cette thèse était donc de comprendre comment des peptides de signalisation régulent à la fois localement et systémiquement la nodulation. A cette fin, deux objectifs ont été définis : 1) identifier des mécanismes moléculaires associés aux voies de signalisation systémiques CLE/SUNN et CEP/CRA2 régulant la nodulation ; 2) caractériser de nouveaux peptides CLE régulant la nodulation. Dans un premier temps, j’ai participé à démontrer que les voies systémiques CLE/SUNN et CEP/CRA2 agissent indépendamment pour réguler de manière antagoniste la nodulation. Dans un second temps, des acteurs racinaires en aval de la voie CLE/SUNN ont été identifiés, révélant un lien avec les récepteurs des molécules signales des rhizobia, les NFs (« Nod Factors »), ainsi qu’avec des protéines à « F-box » nommées TML1 (« Too Much Love 1 ») et TML2, et un rôle négatif de ces protéines TML sur la nodulation a pu être caractérisé. Enfin, un acteur commun agissant en aval des voies CLE/SUNN et CEP/CRA2 a été identifié : le miR2111. Ce microARN produit dans les parties aériennes est régulé de manière opposée par les deux voies systémiques, et clive les transcrits des gènes TMLs dans les racines, contrôlant ainsi le nombre de nodules formés en fonction de la disponibilité en azote et de la préexistence de nodules. Le deuxième objectif de thèse a permis de révéler l’existence d’un peptide CLE dont l’expression est induite dans l’épiderme racinaire en conditions symbiotiques, CLE37. Ce gène code pour un peptide TDIF (« Tracheary Element Differentiation Inhibitory Factor »), et des approches par ARN interférence et de mutagénèse ont révélé que ce gène est requis pour moduler la croissance racinaire en réponse aux rhizobia, inhibant la croissance des racines principales et augmentant le diamètre racinaire. Ainsi, le recrutement de ce peptide de signalisation pourrait permettre d’accommoder le développement racinaire pour soutenir les besoins de la symbiose fixatrice d’azote.

  • Open Access

    Phytochrome-dependent responsiveness to root-derived cytokinins enables coordinated elongation responses to combined light and nitrate cues

    by Pierre Gautrat, Sara Buti, Andrés Romanowski, Michiel Lammers, Sanne E. A. Matton, Guido Buijs, Ronald Pierik

    Plants growing at high densities can detect competitors through changes in the composition of light reflected by neighbours. In response to this far-red-enriched light, plants elicit adaptive shade avoidance responses for light capture, but these need to be balanced against other input signals, such as nutrient availability. Here, we investigated how Arabidopsis integrates shade and nitrate signalling. We unveiled that nitrate modulates shade avoidance via a previously unknown shade response pathway that involves root-derived trans-zeatin (tZ) signal and the BEE1 transcription factor as an integrator of light and cytokinin signalling. Under nitrate-sufficient conditions, tZ promotes hypocotyl elongation specifically in the presence of supplemental far-red light. This occurs via PIF transcription factors-dependent inhibition of type-A ARRs cytokinin response inhibitors. Our data thus reveal how plants co-regulate responses to shade cues with root-derived information about nutrient availability, and how they restrict responses to this information to specific light conditions in the shoot.


  • Open Access

    Lights, location, action: shade avoidance signalling over spatial scales

    by Pierre Gautrat, Sanne E A Matton, Lisa Oskam, Siddhant S Shetty, Kyra J van der Velde, Ronald Pierik

    Plants growing in dense vegetation need to flexibly position their photosynthetic organs to ensure optimal light capture in a competitive environment. They do so through a suite of developmental responses referred to as the shade avoidance syndrome. Below ground, root development is also adjusted in response to above-ground neighbour proximity. Canopies are dynamic and complex environments with heterogeneous light cues in the far-red, red, blue, and UV spectrum, which can be perceived by photoreceptors in spatially separated plant tissues. Molecular regulation of plant architecture adjustment via PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR transcription factors and growth-related hormones such as auxin, gibberellic acid, brassinosteroids, and abscisic acid were historically studied without much attention to spatial or tissue-specific context. Recent developments and technologies have, however, sparked strong interest in spatially explicit understanding of shade avoidance regulation. Other environmental factors such as temperature and nutrient availability interact with the molecular shade avoidance regulation network, often depending on the spatial location of the signals, and the responding organs. Here, we review recent advances in how plants respond to heterogeneous light cues and integrate these with other environmental signals.


  • Open Access

    Phytochrome-dependent responsiveness to root-derived cytokinins enables coordinated elongation responses to combined light and nitrate cues

    by Pierre Gautrat, Sara Buti, Andrés Romanowski, Guido Buijs, Ronald Pierik

    Plants growing at high densities can detect competitors through changes in the composition of light reflected by neighbours. In response to this far-red-enriched light, plants elicit adaptive shade avoidance responses for light capture, but these need to be balanced against other input signals, such as nutrient availability. Here, we used a combination of transcriptomics, growth assays and dedicated genetic and pharmacological interventions to demonstrate how Arabidopsis integrates light and nitrate signalling. We unveiled that nitrate modulates shade avoidance via a previously unknown shade response pathway that involves root-derived transZeatin (tZ). Under nitrate-sufficient conditions, tZ promotes hypocotyl elongation specifically in the presence of supplemental far-red light. This occurs via PIF transcription factors-dependent inhibition of type-A ARRs cytokinin response inhibitors. Our data thus reveal how plants co-regulate responses to shade cues with root-derived information about nutrient availability, and how they restrict responses to this information to specific light conditions in the shoot.


  • Open Access

    The NIN transcription factor coordinates CEP and CLE signaling peptides that regulate nodulation antagonistically

    by Carole Laffont, Ariel Ivanovici, Pierre Gautrat, Mathias Brault, Michael Anthony Djordjevic, Florian Frugier

    Legumes tightly regulate nodule number to balance the cost of supporting symbiotic rhizobia with the benefits of nitrogen fixation. C-terminally Encoded Peptides (CEPs) and CLAVATA3-like (CLE) peptides positively and negatively regulate nodulation, respectively, through independent systemic pathways, but how these regulations are coordinated remains unknown. Here, we show that rhizobia, Nod Factors, and cytokinins induce a symbiosis-specific CEP gene, MtCEP7, which positively regulates rhizobial infection. Via grafting and split root studies, we reveal that MtCEP7 increases nodule number systemically through the MtCRA2 receptor. MtCEP7 and MtCLE13 expression in rhizobia-inoculated roots rely on the MtCRE1 cytokinin receptor and on the MtNIN transcription factor. MtNIN binds and transactivates Mt CEP7 and MtCLE13, and a NIN Binding Site (NBS) identified within the proximal MtCEP7 promoter is required for its symbiotic activation. Overall, these results demonstrate that a cytokinin-MtCRE1-MtNIN regulatory module coordinates the expression of two antagonistic, symbiosis-related, peptide hormones from different families to fine-tune nodule number.


  • Open Access

    Independent Regulation of Symbiotic Nodulation by the SUNN Negative and CRA2 Positive Systemic Pathways

    by Carole Laffont, Emeline Huault, Pierre Gautrat, Gabriella Endre, Peter Kalo, Virginie Bourion, Gérard Duc, Florian Frugier

    SUNN and CRA2 negative and positive systemic pathways independently regulate symbiotic nodulation in Medicago truncatula.


  • Open Access

    Unraveling new molecular players involved in the autoregulation of nodulation inMedicago truncatula

    by Pierre Gautrat, Virginie Mortier, Carole Laffont, Annick De Keyser, Justine Fromentin, Florian Frugier, Sofie Goormachtig

    The number of legume root nodules resulting from a symbiosis with rhizobia is tightly controlled by the plant. Certain members of the CLAVATA3/Embryo Surrounding Region (CLE) peptide family, specifically MtCLE12 and MtCLE13 in Medicago truncatula, act in the systemic autoregulation of nodulation (AON) pathway that negatively regulates the number of nodules. Little is known about the molecular pathways that operate downstream of the AON-related CLE peptides. Here, by means of a transcriptome analysis, we show that roots ectopically expressing MtCLE13 deregulate only a limited number of genes, including three down-regulated genes encoding lysin motif receptor-like kinases (LysM-RLKs), among which are the nodulation factor (NF) receptor NF Perception gene (NFP) and two up-regulated genes, MtTML1 and MtTML2, encoding Too Much Love (TML)-related Kelch-repeat containing F-box proteins. The observed deregulation was specific for the ectopic expression of nodulation-related MtCLE genes and depended on the Super Numeric Nodules (SUNN) AON RLK. Moreover, overexpression and silencing of these two MtTML genes demonstrated that they play a role in the negative regulation of nodule numbers. Hence, the identified MtTML genes are the functional counterpart of the Lotus japonicus TML gene shown to be central in the AON pathway. Additionally, we propose that the down-regulation of a subset of LysM-RLK-encoding genes, among which is NFP, might contribute to the restriction of further nodulation once the first nodules have been formed.