I. M. Yermolenko

The article presents a comprehensive study of the role of traditional Confucian values in shaping the legal culture of student youth in the People’s Republic of China amid globalization and digitalization of the educational environment. Drawing on comparative jurisprudence, cultural analysis, and sociology of law, the study examines the influence of core Confucian principles – li (禮, ritual propriety), fa (法, law), ren (仁, benevolence), yi (義, righteousness), xiao (孝, filial piety), and he (和, harmony) – on contemporary models of legal socialization among Chinese university students and the mechanisms of their integration with official PRC state legal policy within the framework of building a “socialist rule-of-law state with Chinese characteristics.” Particular attention is devoted to mediation as a traditional conflict resolution mechanism deeply embedded in Confucian philosophy. The study demonstrates that the preference for extrajudicial dispute settlement over formal litigation remains a persistent behavioural disposition among Chinese students, despite the growing accessibility of formal legal protection mechanisms. The role of digital platforms WeChat and Weibo is investigated as contemporary instruments of legal education and the transmission of traditional cultural values under conditions of maintained state ideological guidance. The findings establish that the contemporary legal culture of Chinese students constitutes a unique synthesis of centuries-old Confucian traditions, socialist legal doctrine, and modern Western legal concepts. The study identifies the ambivalent nature of globalization, which simultaneously challenges the preservation of national cultural identity and opens pathways for China’s integration into the international legal community. It is demonstrated that the effectiveness of legal culture formation is achieved through the creative adaptation of traditional values to the requirements of a contemporary rule-of-law state. The results may be applied in comparative legal research and in efforts to enhance legal education of youth across diverse cultural contexts.

The need to study the economic and legal issues of Ukraine's food security and ensure an adequate level of availability and sufficiency of food for the population at the present stage is caused by a number of factors. A prominent place among them is occupied by the challenges caused by the war that has been going on in Ukraine for many years. The food security situation in the country is rapidly deteriorating in the context of a full-scale war, and in some regions (especially those affected by military operations) it is catastrophic. At the same time, the pre-war food security legislation is not able to properly regulate existing relations. Similarly, research conducted in peacetime has largely lost its relevance. Thus, the topic of this article is relevant and the research is timely. Its purpose is to analyse the regulatory framework for food security, identify key shortcomings and formulate proposals for their elimination. The study is based on a set of methods of scientific knowledge, in particular: the philosophical dialectical method, the method of analysis, formal legal and formal logical methods. Results. The article establishes that in Ukraine the provision of such food security indicators as: daily energy value of the human diet; provision of the human diet with basic types of food; economic affordability of food is at a low level. It is proved that one of the reasons for this is the imperfection of regulatory support. The paper reveals the absence of such important features as ‘safety’ and ‘quality’ of food in the legislative definition of the concept of ‘food security’. Attention is focused on the risks of simplifying the rules for handling genetically modified organisms in the context of food production. Practical implications. The publication substantiates the need to develop and adopt a State programme for ensuring food security, which should be targeted and designed for a long-term period. This will, firstly, make it possible to clearly define the priority of food security in the social and economic policy of Ukraine; secondly, it will make it possible to clearly define the measures to ensure food security, the executors, the timing and other necessary criteria.

The article examines in detail the historical evolution of the problem of domestic violence in Ukraine, starting from the times of Kyivan Rus and up to the present day. The authors analyze how patriarchal norms and social traditions of different eras shaped the attitude to violence in the family, reflecting this in the legal systems of different historical periods: from the norms of «Ruska Pravda», through the legislation of the Hetmanship and the Russian Empire, to Soviet legislation. The work emphasizes that in a patriarchal society, physical violence against women and children was considered an acceptable form of discipline for a long time, and the intervention of state authorities in family conflicts was minimal. Particular attention is paid to the period of the Soviet era, when the problem of domestic violence was officially silenced, and conflicts in the family were considered a private matter. The scientific work also analyzes the social consequences after the independence of Ukraine in 1991, when economic difficulties and changes in society led to the aggravation of the problem of domestic violence. Particular attention is paid to the modern legislation of Ukraine in the field of domestic violence prevention, in particular the adoption of the Law of Ukraine «On Prevention and Combating Domestic Violence» in 2018, which expanded the legal mechanisms for the protection of victims, as well as the ratification of the Istanbul Convention in 2022, which became an important step in the fight with violence. The authors analyze not only legal instruments, but also the role of civil society and international organizations in drawing attention to the problem and protecting victims. The article also highlights the main challenges facing Ukrainian society in overcoming domestic violence: social stereotypes, insufficient state resources to support victims, and a low level of legal culture. The authors conclude that the fight against domestic violence requires not only the improvement of legislation, but also deep socio-cultural changes in society.

The article proved that in the context of European integration, the intensification of competition between producers becomes a major factor of the consolidation and unification of various economic entities, because this is one of the main ways to increase competitiveness, which in turn leads to market concentration. The investigation of the market structure, its type, and hence the economic processes occurring in it, is directly related to determining the state of the competitive environment, its assessment and study of the possibilities of restricting or developing competition. The article reveals the basic principles of development of agricultural enterprises, highlights the problems and prospects of their development in a competitive environment. The importance of concentration indicators in the context of the relationship between monopoly power and the level of concentration of sellers in the market is substantiated. Methodological aspects of using the market concentration index and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index are analysed; their advantages, disadvantages and possibilities of use in the process of market structure research, its type, state of competitive environment and degree of monopolization are revealed. In the process of research the concentration of agricultural markets, it was found that there was a moderate level in almost all types of products in Ukraine, only the pork market is highly concentrated. Analysis of the competitiveness of agricultural products shows that a significant market share is occupied by crops such as sunflower and corn. Studies show that there are certain types of products that have a high level of profitability, including rapeseed and barley, but they occupy a small market share. It is established that to ensure competitive production of agricultural products requires state support of the industry through the provision of tax and credit benefits to enterprises that implement modern business methods. Further prospects for the development of the agricultural sector in Ukraine have been identified.

In the article the economic and legal problems connected with small and medium-sized commodity producers’ credit have been analyzed. It has been proved that in Ukraine, unlike foreign countries, the mechanism of easing credits remains virtually the only financial instrument aimed at developing credit relations in the agrarian sector of the economy. It is noted that in the mentioned sphere the provisions of the Ukrainian Law «On State Support to Agriculture in Ukraine» are not fully implemented. In particular, the requirements concerning the size of the credit subsidy, the possibility of obtaining compensation for long-term credits and credits received in foreign currency aren’t performed. Taking into account the aforementioned, as well as reducing the amount of financing of the corresponding state program by 4.5 times, the authors have concluded that these legislative requirements are mainly declarative. Thus, ensuring in practice the access to the cheap credit resources for small and medium-sized agricultural producers shall become one of the important tasks of the state agricultural policy.